Developemental Psyc test #2 ch 1

science which seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time

a way to answer questions that requires empiracle research and data-based conclusions

repetition of a study, using different participants

traits, capacities, and limitations each individual inherits from his/her parents at conception

environmental influences that affect development after conception

time when a particular type of developmental growth must happen

time when a certain type of development is most likely to happen, although it mays till happen later with more difficulty

mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is inferior to standard behavior and characteristics

approach to the study of human development that takes into account all phases of life

group defined by the shared age of its members, who, because they were born around the same time, move through life together

a persons position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence, aka social class

people whose ancestors were born in the same region and often share a language, culture, and religion

idea based on shared perceptions, not objective reality: childhood, adolescence, senior citzen

the effects of environmental forces on the expression of an individual's or a species' genetic inheritance

cells in an observer's brain that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way as if the observer had performed the action

group of ideas that interpret and illuminate observations made about human growth; provides framework for explaining patterns and problems of developement

theory of human development that holds that irrational, unconscious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior

theory of human developement that studies observable behavior, aka learning theory

process by which responses become linked to particukar stimuli and learning takes place, repeating practice

learning process which a meaningful stimulus gradually connects to a neutral stimulus that had no special meaning before the learning process began (salivating dog experiment)

learning process which a particular action is followed by something desired or something unwanted, which determines wether the action will be repeated, aka insturmental conditoning

technique for conditioning behaviorin which that behavior is followed by something desired

emphasizes the influence that other people have over a persons behavior; every person learns through observation and imitation of other people

focuses on changes in how people think over time; our thoughts shape our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors

view that the person should be considered in all contexts and interactions that constitute a life (later became bioecological theory)

view that ongoing , ever-changing interaction between the physical and emotional being and between the person and every aspect of his/her environment, includin family and society

method of testing by unobtrusively watching and recording participants' behavior in a systematic and objective manner

method which the researcher tries to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables

the manipulated variable

the observed variable

research method which info is collected from a large number of people

design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other characteristics

design which the same individuals are fallowed over time and their developement is repeatedly assessed

hybrid design which researchers study several groups of people of different ages (cross-sectional) and follow these groups over the years (longitudinal)

number that indicated the degree of relationship between two variables , expressed in terms of teh likelihood that one variable will/will not occure when the other does/ does not

research that provides data that can be expressed with numbers such as ranks or scales

research that considers quality instead of quantity; descriptions and expressed ideas