Cardiovascular

3 parts of the cardiovascular system

how many liters of blood is in a small drop

normal range of pH of blood

2 parts of blood

55% of whole blood

45% of whole blood

Plasma is ___ % water, ____ % nutrients, waste, hormones, proteins

Most abundant protein in plasma

Allows water in the blood

Three types of cells

forms red blood cells

RBC, WBC, platelets originate from

Technical name for RBC

Normal value for RBC

percent of whole blood of RBC's

hematocrits are what shape and function?

how long do RBC live

pigment protein that gives RBC the red color

globin is made of

oxygen bound

oxygen not bound

CO2 bound

normal value range of hemoglobin

kidneys detect low oxygen and secrete which hormone?

EPO's target to produce red blood cells

destroys RBC because they contain macrophages

Iron is converted to

bile color comes from

bilirubin in tissues instead of bile

low RBC or low hemoglobin

three types of anemia

type of anemia that results in tired, low energy, and pale; more common in females

type of anermia due to lack of vitamine B12 or lack of intrinsic factor

type of anemia that is caused by a genetic mutation caused by a mistake in lining of amino acids which results in blockages

high RBC

Blood type A contains antigen _____ and antibodies ____

Blood type B contains antigen ___ and antibodies ___

Blood type AB has antigen ____ and antibodies ____

Blood type O contains ____ antigen and ____ antibodies

Two types of Rh antigen

___ % of the population is Rh Positive

universal donor

universal receiver

technical name for WBC

normal value range for WBC in a drop of blood

increase in WBC (infection)

decrease in WBC (at risk)

Two categories of WBC

Three types of granulocytes

Neutral stain (lavender); 3 to 6 lobed nucleus

WBC function is to eat small invaders

red stain; 2 lobed nucleus

WBC function is to elevate in allergic reaction or parasitic worms to lessen reaction or take out worms

Base stain (dark purple); large granules with S-shaped nucleus

WBC function is to cause redness (inflammation)

found in basophils and responsible for anti-coagulant (clotting)

found in basophils and responsible for daialated blood vessels

two types of agranulocytes

2 subcategories of lymphocytes

WBC mostly made of nucleus

recognize foreign antigens and trigger immune response

produce antibodies

Big cell with kidney nucleus that convert to a macrophage

Order of differential

pieces of cells that pinch off into blood

technical term for platelets

convert to platelets

normal range for platelets

decrease in platelets which leads to bruise and bleeding very easily

control of blood loss

3 ways of hemostasis

the platelets adhere to collagen fibers at the injured sport and become sticky so more platelets will come

constrict injured vessel

What vitamin for you need to produce prothrombin?

Two proteins in plasma

Flow of hemostasis

opposes platelets

keeps from forming thrombin

opposes formation of prothrombin

TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) turns into plasminogen then into plasma which

clot in an intact vessel

moving clot

3 membranes that cover heart

parietal and visceral pericardium combine to form

Three layers of heart

outer msot layer of heart

thickest, middle part of the heart; muscle

innter most layer of the heart

4 chambers of the heart

prevent back flow

4 valves

vessels that bring blood flow into the heart

vessels that bring blood flow out of the heart

3 Vessels in Right atrium

drains blood from head and neck

drains blood from lower body

drains blood into the heart

Right side blood flow

Right side blood flow is

Left side of blood flow is

Left side blood flow

1st heart sound

2nd heart sound

hole in the fetal heart that helps bipass Right atrium into left atrium

foramen valve closes at or before birth and becomes

function of the right heart

function of the left heart

heart attack where piece of heart died

warning sign that heart muscle is low in O2; and it will turn into myocarial infarction

4 steps of the cardiac conduction

The "pacemaker" that fires impulses travels thru atria

Electrical events of heart measured by

measures heart beat

In one heart beat what are the waves?

atrial depolarization

ventricular depoarization

ventricular replarization

events of heart in one beat

2 events in a cardiac cycle

systole

diastole

normal value for resting heart rate

Three Mechanical stages of Cardiac Cycle

ventricles fill with blood from atria

atria drains by gravity ___ %
squeezes ___ % into ventricles

during ventricular filling, cuspid valves are _____ and semilunar valves are _____

two steps to ventricle systole

all valves are shut and ventricles are contracting while pressure is rising

semilunar valves are open but the pressure in ventricles have exceeded pressure in trunk

cuspid are close and semilunar are open

all valves are shut while ventriles are relaxing and atria is filling with blood

the amount of blood put out of the left ventricle in one minute

formuka for cardiac output

amount of blood put out of the heart in one beat

3 things that dertermine amount of blood put out of the heart

venous retunr; skeletal muscle contraction

force of muscle itself contracting

Starlings Law

sympatheric Nervous system

the back pressure exerted by pulmonary trunk and aorta

more stretch of muscle = contract with more force

Three categories of Blood Vessels

function of cardiovascular

3 arteries/veins layers

outside layer that contains collagen and elastin that helps with strength

middle layer that is made up of smooth muscle in charge of constricting and dialiating

inner layer made up of endothelium smooth lining

2 types of arteries

artery that is clsoer to the heart

distribuiting artery

smaller version of artery

Veins do not have a lot of ______ because they are not under high pressure

veins contain a larger ____

are capable of collapsing

small version of vein

layer for capillaries

capillaries tissue layer allow _____ to take place

Artery/vein flow

more stretch= more force = increase _____

ex of a way to bring more blood to heart

lose blood = decrease dtroke volume = increase ___

expansion and recoil of the arterial with each heart beat

cannot feel through vein

vein found on side of head by temple

artery found on the sides of the neck

used for blood pressure and found at the bend of the elbow

artery used to find babies pulse

artery found on thumb side of hand

artery found by groin

artery located behind the knee

artery on the back of the foot

test for circulation

use arteries to test for what two things

the force that blood hits the vessel wall

for fat people, which artery would you test?

normal blood pressure fraction:

Blood pressure top number

blood pressure bottom number

What three things effect blood pressure?

how much blood you have in the system

two hormones that increase blood volume

opposing force offered by vessel wall

3 effects of peripheral resistance

increased vessel length= increased peripheral resistance= ________

decrease diameter= increased peripheral resistance= _____

how thick the blood is

increased viscosity= ___ blood pressure

increased cardiac output = ____ blood pressure

Kidneys detect low blood pressure release hormone renin

kidneys detect low BP and release hormone

brings about angiotensinogen

angiotensinogen makes

3 functions of angiotensin 2

produced in atrium and tells kidneys to excrete sodium