Personality Theories exam 1

Adler feld EGO was creative not reactive

bringing ideas to fruition was the purpose of mankind

male child does not attempt to posses the mother, but strives to attain superiority over his father

Contratry to frued, Adler felt narccism went against human tendency and was a deficency.

though that humans should develope a healthy social interest in the wellbeing of others

did not think people were motivated by silencing the discomfort of biological needs, but rather a motivation to acheive their goals

though personality tended toward becoming a whole unit. Unlike frued wo had them being fragmented opposing parts

attempt to solve problems of the concious world

Felt that physicals inferiorities drove people to overcompensate and use these new skills as careers, ect.

Drives are several components that all work together to make the person function.

Drives can be transfored to the opposite- drive to eat become annorexia

Displacement - love for father transfers to love for another authority

Inward redirection- Drive to see becomes drive to be looked at

displacement onto a strong drive - blocking sex drive increases drive to look at sex

drive for men and women to strive for superiority

peoples organ inferiorites translate fellings of being less than others.

person becomes obseessed with protecting ones self, compensation for feelings of inferioriy

• excuses or rationalizing
• - reasons to escape lifes demands
• aggressive startegies
• - depreication
• -accusation
• -self accusation (guilt)
• distanceing strategies
• -moving backward
• -standing still
• -hesitation
• -constructing obsticles

• Occupational - feeling of inferiority can only be quelled by meaningful work
• Societal - make the world a better place
• Love - continue mankind

all tasks are interelated and neccessary to solving the problem of life

Ruling Dominant - assertive, agressive, manipulate and master life. minmal social interest and little empathy. May become antisocial

Getting-Leaning Type - freeloaders, little social interets and low activity levels

Avoidant - acheive mastery by avoiding defeat. Low social interest and even lower activity levels

Socially Useful - high activity, high social interest and empathy

Oldest child - prepares itself for being alone because 2nd child took all attention. facinated with the past. or may become the helper by immitating mom/dad

Second born - strives to out achieve the first born, unless the first is so advanced that they give up.

youngest child - pampered throughout life, strives to achieve, causes the second most problems as a child. can be very ambition

only child - pampered by mom. rival of the father. can develop charm to make others like them

disguised wish fulfillment

• Two systems:
• Unconcious - wishes emerge
• preconcious censorship - prevent wishes from freely intering the concious

ID - striving to bring the satifaction of instinctual needs

EGO - analyze the environment and learn to bringa bout changes that are benificial to survival, gain control over the expression of instincts

Superego - the conscience of the mind. grows stronger with every denial of instinct. works conciously and unconciously.

Birth - global feelings of flooding, distress, helplessness

oral stage - yr 1 fear of loss of the love object (mother)

Anal stage - 2-3yr Fear of loss of the object's love

Phallic phase - 4-6yrs castration fear and anxiety over injury

Post-oedipal though adulthood - Fear of superego censure: negative self judements

Oral - prone to use of repression and denial

• prepratory phase - child comes to respect the superior skills of an adult.
• stage one -mirror childs moods
• stage two - make yourself useful to child
• stage three - demonstrate that analysis has practical advanges ( confessing bad deed to parents, minimiszing punishment)

fromal organization of data from patients into a coheisive profile.

• 1. Dependency to emotional self reliance
• 2. suckling to rational eating
• 3. wetting/soiling to blatter/bowel control
• 4. Irresponsible to responsible body management
• 5. body to toy and from play to work
• 6. egocentricity to companionship

realized that children are effected by current environmental factor and added observational information into the data collected when treating a child patient.

Theory that the ego is essintial to personality and is developed through a series of crisisies that lead to an indivduals ability (or lack of ) to love and work. (which is the ideal state)

• trust/mistruct - infancy
• Autonomy/shame,doubt - early childhood
• Initiative/guilt - childhood (play age)
• Industy/inferiority - (school age)
• Identity/ role confusion - (adolescence)
• Intimacy/isolation - young adult
• Generativity/stagnation - Mature adult
• Ego integrity/despair - Old age

Ritualization - the way we do things (greetings, common expression, ect)

Ritualism - carrying out a ritualization without the appropriate meaning for emotions behind it

Successful completion of the stages results in these virtues

trust/mistrust - HOPE

Autonomy/shame,doubt - Will: capacity for self control

Initiative/guilt: purpose, internalize right and wrong and the ability to pursue goals despite past failures

industry/inferiority: competence - ability to complete taks w/o infantile infereiorirty interfeering.

Identity/role confusion: fidelity - the intergration of ones identity into everyday life. (u actually become the role you previously played at)

intamacy/isolation - love

generativity vs stagnation - care, a widening concern for what has been generated by love

ego integrity vs despair - wisdom, acceptance of death, no dicuss for the end of your life.

Psysiological: hunger, thirst, fatigue

Safety: Avoidance of pain and anxiety

Belongingness and love: Afection, intimacy, roots in family

Esteem: self-respect adequacy, master

Self actualization - to reach your potential

• Positive:
• Reality and problem centered
• self and others acceptance
• Spontaneity and simplicity
• need privacy
• idependence of culture and environment
• resists enculturation
• freshness of appreciation
• creativeness
• unhostile sense of humor
• democratic
• gemeinshaftsgefu - fellow feeling, interest in others wellbeing
• intimate personal relations
• peak experiences
• descrimination between means and end

• Negative
• unexpected ruthlessness, occasional absentmindedness, overkindliness, non-neurotic guilt, anxiety

expressions of optimal states of intergrated personality functioning

• spontanious and naturally occurences
• value is lost when a peak experinece is not natuarlly attained

altered state where a person gets a deeper grasp of life and the meaning of existence

• being values
• growth needs that deal with the quality and nature of beings

trying to bring order and beauty to the world.

source of motivation for SA individuals

not meerly the abscene of pathology but a plethora of positive qualities

individuals have a drive toward growth, health, and adjustments

stresses emotional elements, intellectual and feeling aspect of situation

focus on immediate situation as opposed to the past

emphasis on theraputic realtionships where individua learns to relate to others successfully

Attainment of insight by clarifications of feelings through rephrasing emotional content

warns against untrained use of his technique which will appear as if the therapist doesnt care and is directionless.

Two people who are aware that the others presence makes a difference

client in a state of self incongruence - descrepency between clients self image and ongoing expereince

Self congruent - therapist is free to express + and - with client

Unconditional + regard for client

empathetic understanding of clients internal frame of reference

communication of empathetic understanding and unconditional positive regard must be minally achieved - if the client doesnt precieve theses things then they are not real