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3 Functions of Blood
- 1. Transportation of gases, nutrients, wastes & hormones
- 2. Regulation of pH (7.35-7.45), fluid in the tissues, heat
- 3. Protection against disease, blood loss
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Composition of blood
- 55% plasma (liquid portion of blood w/ all dissolved substances)
- 45% formed elements (blood cells)
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3 types of blood proteins dissolved in plasma
- 1. Albumin *major blood protein made by liver*
- 2. Gamma globulin & other antibodies made by B cells
- 3. Clotting factors fibrinogen & prothrombin made by liver
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Plasma is made up of over 90% __________
Water
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Serum is blood plasma minus __________
Clotting factors
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3 Components of Formed Elements or Cells
- 1. RBCs (erythrocytes) = 4.5-5 million/mm3
- 2. Platelets (thrombocytes) = 150-450,000/mm3
- 3. WBCs (leukocytes) = 5-10,000/mm3
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2 Functions of Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- 1. Transport oxygen to all body cells (oxygen + hemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin)
- 2. Transport carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs to get eliminated
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Polycythemia
Too many erythrocytes (RBCs) = greater than 5 million/mm3
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Anemia
Too few erthrocytes (RBCs)
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Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Tiny, disc shaped
- Mature RBCs have no nucleus
- 4.5-5 million/mm3
- Men have more than women
- Average life span of 120 days
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Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Round, contain nuclei
- 700 RBC to every 1 WBC
- 5-10 thousand/mm3
- Can live 6-8 hours in blood, some longer in tissues
- Divided into granulocytes & agranulocytes
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When stained, granulocytes __________ stain in cytoplasm
keep
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When stained, agranulocytes __________ stain in cytoplasm
do not keep
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3 types of granulocytes
- 1. Neutrophils (polys) - phagocytes, fight infection, most numerous of WBCs approx. 60%
- 2. Eosinophils - role in allergies, defense against parasites
- 3. Basophils - role in allergies, inflammation
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2 types of agranulocytes
- 1. Lymphocytes (T cells & B cells) - chief warriers of immune system, 2nd most numerous of WBCs
- 2. Monocytes - phagocytes, macrophages
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Leukocytosis
Too many WBCs
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3 Functions of Leukocytes
- 1. Protect against pathogens
- 2. Destroy foreign matter & debris
- 3. Some active in immune system
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Thrombocytes (platelets)
- Colorless unless stained
- Not cells, but cell fragments
- 150-450 thousand/mm3
- Lifespan of 10 days
- Function: control bleeding
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Thrombocytosis
Too many platelets (risk for blood clots)
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Thrombocytopenia
Too few platelets (not able to clot properly, risk of hemorraging)
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Blood is one of the 2 vital circulating fluids of the body, the other is __________
Lymph
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Blood is classified as __________ tissue.
Connective
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