Rnur 131 Pharmacology 1

the sudy of genetically determined variations in the response to drugs

study of the biological effects of chemicals

• the way a drug affects the body;
• science dealing with interactions b/w the chemical compounds of living systems and the foreign chemicals, including drugs, that enter living organisms

the way a body deals with a drug, including absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion

the amount of drug that is needed to cause therapeutic effect

higher dose than that usually used, at the start of treatment to reach critical concentration

what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it enters the circulating fluid

• IV-fastest absorption
• IM
• subQ
• PO
• Mucous membrane

involves movement of a drug to the body's tissues

protective system of cellular activity that keeps many things away from the CNS; must be highly lipid soluble to reach the CNS

benefit must clearly outweigh the risks

• Metabolism; the process by which drugs are changed into new, less active chemicals.
• Everything absorbed in GI tract enters liver to be "treated"; then liver detoxifies many chemicals and uses others to produce needed enzymes and structures.

• removal of a drug from the body
• drugs that are water soluble are excreted thru kidneys via glomerular filtration

• 1. Primary: enhanced desired effect
• 2. Secondary: side effects
• 3. Hypersensitivity: excessively responsive to primary or secondary effects

• 1. Anaphylaxis: ab's that can lead to respiratory distress or arrest
• 2. Cytotoxic: ab's that circulate in the blood and attack antigens on cell sites
• 3. Serum sickness: ab's that circulate in blood and cause damage to various tissues by depositing in blood vessels
• 4. Delayed: ab's bound to specific white blood cells

• gentamicin (Garamycin)
• neomycin (Mycifradin)
• steptomycin
• tobramycin (Tobrex)

• Ototoxicity
• Renal toxicity

• Pregnancy & lactation
• With aminoglycosides
• NO alocohol use within 72 hours

• children (developing cartilage)
• photosensitivity

• Lactation due to superinfex in babies
• With tetracyclines

• TERATOGENIC
• pregnancy & lactation
• renal disease & kidney stones
• CNS effects
• rash
• photosensitivity

• hepatoxicity
• turns teeth gray
• photosensitivity
• oral contraceptives
• superinfections
• NO food or dairy

ceflacor (Ceclor)

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

amoxicillin (Amoxil)

cotrimoxazole (Septra, Bactrim)

tetracycline

• amantadine (Symmetrel)
• oseltamavir (Tamiflu)
• acyclovir (Zovirax)

• fluconazole (Diflucan)
• nystatin (Nilstat)

• clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex)
• miconazole (Monistat)
• terinafline (Lamisil)
• toinaftate (Tinactin)

mebendazole (Vermox)