mini 2 dx

hepatic disease or inherited abnormal variant

• -Nephrotic syndrome
• -Liver regeneration
• -AChE inhibition via Organophosphate poisoning

• atropine
• -binds ACh-r

• -Aspartate Transaminase-
• CM and SkM
• Liver and kidneys
• RBCs

• **MI and acute viral hepatitis**
• -hemolysis
• -Phsiological in neonates
• -circulatory failure causing cell death

• -Alanine Transaminase-
• liver
• <SkM and CM
• <kidney

• acute viral hepatitis (marked increase)
• -circ failure

• moderate increase in
• cirrhosis, jaundice, post op CM, SkM disease

• -Alkaline Phosphatase-
• Liver and bone
• ** used as a marker of osteoblast activity**

• biliary tract and bone disease
• pregnancy
• infancy and childhood
• high fat meals

• -Acid Phosphatase-
• prostate, bone, RBC, platelets

• LDH-1 and 2 = MI
• LDH5 = liver

• -creatine kinase-
• CK MM in SkM
• CK MB in CM
• CK BB in brain
• increases can be indicative of tissue damage

• -glutamyl transferase-
• -increased by drug and EtOH induced SER proliferation
• liver, kidney, pancrease
• NOT IN BONE
• **can be used to differentiate tissue of origin of ALP**

bile duct is point of concern

liver is point of concern

found mainly in pancrease, increases in serum and urine indicative of pancreatitis

marker of effective erythropoesis

• -erythrocyte sedimentation rate-
• measure acute phase response

• increased reticulocytes
• -large multicolor RBC caused by persistance of RNA

• RBC without biconcavity, hyperchromia and decreased size
• -AI hemolytic anemia or hereditary
• -hereditary spherocytosis caused by non functioning spektrin of ankyrin

sickle cell RBC

• Tear drop RBC
• - caused by bone marrow infiltration or myelofibrosis

fragmented RBC caused by hemolytic anemia or any RBC b/d

• bulls eye cells
• -thallesemia, Fe def anemia, EtOH liver disease

• -course basophilic stippling-
• -lead poisoning

• -purple nuclear DNA
• -non functioning spleen

• -particles of denatured Hb on inner face
• -G6PD defeciency

• Fe granules not bound to Hb
• -Fe overload-

• a1 antitrypsin (lung)
• a- lipoprotein

• haptoglobin
• ceruplasmin
• a2 macroglobulin (protease inhibitor all over body)

• transferrin
• b-lipoprotein

• c3
• fibrinogen

Ig

• - platelet disorders
• - vWF deficiency
• - ASA
• - uremia

• - F7 (extrinsinc pw)
• - F10,5 , 2 and 1 (common pw)
• -warfarin therapy

• - F11, 9, 8 (intrinsic p/w) (F12 affected, but not significant)
• - F10, 5, 2, 1 (common p/w)
• - heparin therapy

• - F2, 7, 9, 10
• (platelet PM bound)

• - serum ferratin
• -TIBC (total iron binding capacity)

Liver enzyme that conjugates

- reticulocyte count< 3% = NON hemolytic

- reticulocyte count > 3%= hemolytic

• - malignant cancer of mesenchymal origin
• - spreads via blood
• - poor prognosis

• - malignant cancer of epithelial origin
• - spreads via lymph
• - better prognosis