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What are the three components to maintain blood flow
- The pump ( the heart )
- A container ( blood vessels)
- The fluid (blood and body fluids)
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What nervous system controls the heart
Autonomic nervous system
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What are the five types of blood vessels?
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Veins
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What are the components of blood?
- Red blood cells - Responsible for the tranportation of oxygen and nutrients to the cells and tranporting carbon dioxide away from the cell
- White cells - help fight infections
- Platelets -responsible for forming blood clots
- Plasma - liquid portion
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Define perfusion
The circulation of blood withing an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs for oxygen, nutrients and waste removal
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Signs and symptoms of shock
- Rapid, weak pulse
- Low blood pressure (late sign)
- Changes in mental status
- Cool, clammy skin
- Cyanosis
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Describe the apperance of bleeding from a vein and artery
- Arterial - brighter red/spurts (high oxygen)
- Veins - darker/non-spurt (lower oxygen)
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Do not use a PASG if the following conditions exist?
- Pregnancy
- Pulmonary edema
- Acute heart failure
- Penetrating chest injuries
- Groin injuries
- Major head injuries
- A transport time less then 30min
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When you apply a tourniquet what precautions should be known?
- Do not apply over a joint - keep close to injuries
- Use the widest bandage possible
- Never use wire, rope, belt or any other narrow material
- Use wide padding under the tourniquet
- Do not loosen the tourniquet
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Several conditions can result in bleeding from the nose are what?
- Skull fracture
- Facial injuries (Blow to the nose)
- Sinusitis, infections
- High blood Pressure
- Coagulation disorders
- Digital trauma
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steps to stop bleeding
- Direct pressure
- Elevate
- Pressure dressing
- Pressure points
- Tourniquet
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Late signs of shock suggesting internal bleeding
- Tachycardia
- Weakness, fainting, or dizziness at rest
- Thirst
- Nausea and vomiting
- Cold, moist (clammy) skin
- Shallow, rapid breathing
- Dull eyes
- Caprefill more then 2 sec
- AMS
- Weak, rapid (thready) pulse
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Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding
- Ecchymosis
- Hematemesis
- Melena
- Hemoptysis
- Pain, tenderness, bruising, guarding or swelling
- Broken ribs, bruises over lower chest
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What type of call can internal bleeding be found.
Trauma and medical
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Use what as a last resort for bleeding
Tourniquet
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Explain the circulation of the heart
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