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Griseoflulvin causes what side effect? and if used long term causes this side effect?
Is a teratogen and therefore contraindicated in pregnancy. If used long term will cause bone marrow suppression
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Which drus are ototoxic?
aminoglycosides like genamicin and amikacin
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Which anibiotic is CI in renal and hepatic failure? Which version of this drug is ok in animals with these problems?
tetracyclines. Doxy ok
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What is a long acting GCC used in IBD and diabetes mellitus?
budesonaide
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Ergotism toxicity causes what clincial signs?
vasoconstriction with terminal necrosis of the extremities d.t thrombosis affected animals predisposed to frostbite and gangrene. may have CNS efects, potenet oxytocic action or pituitary effects --> decreased prolactin leading to agalactia
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What is the hypoadrenocortisism-like syndrome blood chemistry like?
hyponatremia, hyperkalaemia, azotemia, metabolic acidosis
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Which 3 ABx drugs disrupt gut flora
sulfa, macrolides, lincosamides
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Zearalenone toxicity causes what?
reproductive dysfunction like estrogenism, vulvovaginitis
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Fumonisin is associated with moldy corn and leads to what toxic clinical signs?
- equine leukoencephalomalacia ;
- hypertension and pulmonary edema in pigs PPE
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Tichotecenes are what?
cytotoxic mycotoxins that lead to immunosuppression and vomiting
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Fescue toxicity?
lameness and hyperthermia
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Glycopyrolate will cause what clinical signs when given correctly?
mydriasis
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Dantrolene causes what signs?
muscle relaxant for post anesthesia myositis in horses and for dags/cats with functional urethral obstruction
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Pilocarpine is what type of drug?
miotic sometimes used to treat glaucoma
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Which drug, if given, will incrase toxicosis d/t warfarin? how?
Sulfa. by displacing the anticoagulant from plasma binding sites and leading to increased free toxin.
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Name the drugs used most frequenctly for improving diastolic fxn and preventing thromboembolism in cats wiht HCM
- beta blockers (atenolol);
- ACEi (enalapril);
- Ca2+ blockers (diltiazem)
- diuretics if in heart failure
- aspriin or clopidogrel
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What type of drug is amlodipine? uses?
Ca2+ blocker to prevent hypertension in chronic renal failure.
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Which anesthetic gas has a breakdown toxin that can be nephrotoxic?
sevoflurane to compound A
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how does Calcium gluconate treat hyperhalaemia?
antagonizes the effects of elevated serum K on myocardium. keeps myocardial tissue normally excitable so the heart rhythm doesn't develop a life threatening bradycardia
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What is 2-pralidoxime used for?
reversal agent for cholinesterase inhibitors
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what is a reversal agent for benzodiazepines?
flumazenil
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In horses, what is the most nephrotoxic aminoglycocide drug in order?
amphotercin b, neomycin, streptomycin, entamicin, amikacin?
neomycin (most) then gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin. amphotercin b is an anti-fungal
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What does monesin do and what is its toxicity?
coccidiostat for increased productivity in cattle. Horses toxicity presents as myocardial necrosis and development of dilated cardiomyopathy. pregressive respiratory distress, heart murmur, weakness, and hypovolemic shock.
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Name the disease associated with each toxic plant:
fiddleneck = amsinckia
yellow star thistle
fiddleneck= pyrrolizidine alkaloid
nigropallidal encephalomalacia from yellowstar
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What drugs are used to treat adult heartworm?
melarsormine and thiacetarsamide
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What sulfa side effects can occur?
hypersensitivity reactions, KCS, hepatitis, blood dyscrasias.
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Methlyxanthines are toxins found in what food dogs can get ahold of? what does it cause?
- Chocolate
- CNS excitation tachycardia, vasoconstriciton, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, PUPD, lethargy, tachycardia, cardac arrthymias seizures death
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What is a lidocaine bolus/ CRI used for?
treating ventricular arrhythmias but not for supraventricular tachycardia
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How doesl Diltilizam work? What type of drug is it?
Ca channel blocker, slows the heart by blocking the channels. slow conduction down the AV node and decrease ventricular rate in SVT
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Atenolol is what type of drug and how does it effect the heart?
Slows downthe heart by blocking beta adrenergic stimulation to the heart. slow conduction down the AV node and decrease ventricular rate in SVT
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How does carotid sinus massage and vagal stimuli slow the heart?
slows AV node conduction by activation of vagal afferents innervating the AV node
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This is a cholinesterase inhibitor which has be used to reverse neuromuscular blockers
Edrophonium
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Pancuronium, d-tubocurarine, and atracurium are what?
compared to succinylcholine?
non deploarizing neuromusclular blocking agents where succinyl is a depolarizing.
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Name these heart meds, how they work, what they treat
calcium channel blocker
dilitiazam, amlodipine, verapamil; antiarrhythmic and have negative inotropic effects. USed for A fib, and supraventric tachycardia, HCM and hypertension
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Name these heart meds,
ACE inhibitor
enalapril, vasodilators
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Name these drugs: beta blockers
propanolol, atenolol
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Name these heart meds, how they work, what they treat
Phosphodiesterase PDE inhibitors
- amrinone, milrinone;
- positive inotrope
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Name these heart meds, how they work, what they treat
beta adrenergic agonists
- dopamine, dobutamine, isproteneronal, epinephrine
- positive inotropes
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Name these heart meds, how they work, what they treat
cardiac glycosides
- digoxin, diitoxin
- increase cardiac muscular contraction strength
- slow heart rate by decreasing conduction velocity from AVnode
- positive inotrope
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What toxicity is associated with: (pg 1 of 2)
aminoglycosides
cephalosporines
sulfas
amino = nephratoxic, ototoxic, neuromuscular blockade
Cephalo = non toxic but maybe painful at inj site
Sulfa= hypersensitivity and some renal issues
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What toxicity is associated with:
lincosamides
penicillins
macrolides and cephalosporins
linco = clinadmycin- GI upset, horses have severe colitis
penicillins= not much but hypersensitivity allergy reactions
macro/ceph cause pain on inj
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Bad "LUC" for CNS signs
Lead = encephalopathy, diarrhea or constipation
Urea= wildly aberrant behavior, tremors, acute death; tx with vinegar if time
Chlorinated hydrocarbons found in insecticides = depression or stimulation/seizures
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