Med Term Ch 8

portion of the nervous system that regulates involuntary actions, such as heart rate, digestion, and peristalsis

thin, flattened structure; term used to describe the leaf-shaped structures that compose a heart valve

tubular space or channel within any organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a resulf of diseases, medications, or physiological processes

widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls

state of being sticky or gummy

widened blood vessel

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

aorta

artery

arteriole

atrium

fatty plaque

heart

electricity

embolus (plug)

blood vessel

muscle

vein

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

septum

pulse

narrowing, stricture

blood clot

ventricle (of the heart or brain)

record, writing

intrument for recording

process of recording

pulse

narrowing, stricture

slow

in, within

outside

around

rapid

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

• condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop
• -loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation
• -cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur

any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction

failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs

mass of undissolved matter (foreign object, air, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel

quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, esp. of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions

arrest of bleeding or circulation

excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

• common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic
• -HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential hypertension
• -HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause

any heart disorder caused by prolonged hypertension, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure

implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation

chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure

sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including "thumping," "fluttering," "skipped beats" or a pouding feeling in the chest

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary (lung) artery

circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ

congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: 1. pulmonary artery stenosis. 2. interventricular septal defect. 3. transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta. 4. right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle

slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

blood clot that obstructs a vessel

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

• ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hrs or ECG tracings
• -ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
• -ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

blood test that measure troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase (CK-MB)

Series of tests (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease

• radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injection of a contrast dye
• angiography to determine the degree of obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart

angiography in which 2 radiographic images are obtained, the 1st one w/o contrast material and the 2nd one after a contrast material has been injected, and then compared by a computer that digitally removes the images of soft tissues, bones, and muscles, leaving only the image of vessels with contrast

radiological examination of the aorta and its branches following injection of a contrast medium via a catheter

• noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart
• -noninvasive adaptation of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart

nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves

imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sounds and murmurs during the cardiac cycle

diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases

scintigraphy procedure that used injected radioactive thallium and records the uptake of the isotope with a gamma camera to produce an image

radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, which indicates obstruction

procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest

technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude the blood vessel

injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein

• procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter
• -surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
• -dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance

removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device

removal and examination of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis, a type of vasculitis

destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal condition pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume

surgical seperation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their "commissures" (points of touching)

procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins

tyring a varicose vein (ligation0 followed by removal (stripping) of the affected segment

surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine

puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis

• destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
• -infusion of a thrombolytic agent into a vessel to dissolve a blood clot

incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis

puntcure of a vein by a needle attached to a syringe or catheter to withdraw a specimen of blood; also called phlebotomy

lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)

prevent, alleviate, or correct cardiac arrhythmias by stabilizing the electical conduction of the heart

block the effect of adrenaline on beta receptors, which slow nerve pulses that pass through the heart, thereby causing a decrease heart rate and contractillity

block movement of calcium (required for blood vessel contraction) into myocardial cells and arterial walls, causing heart rate and blood pressure to decrease

act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium

dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen, delivered to the myocardium, and decrease venous return and arterial resistance, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand and relieves angina

they treat peripheral vascular diseases, diabetic peripheral vascular insufficiency, and Raynaud disease

lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liever by blocking the enzyme that produces it

There are a lot of them...