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What was Cronbach's critique of Impression Formation?
is "person perception" a skill or just a coincidence? He also said that preceptual skill may just be assumptions and judgements
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What is the Halo Effect?
It is the tendency to see someone with one good/bad attribute as having all good/bad qualities
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What are some examples of the Halo Effect?
Someone w/ glasses is smart, girls who twirl their hair are sexually premiscious, etc
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Physical attractive people are:
More sociable, sensitive, exciting, happier, but worse parents.
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Who created the Attribution Theory and what is it?
Fritz Heider, the theory that explains how people explain the causes of behavior, including personal- the internal characteristics of actor, such as effort, skill, and personality traits. Situational- External to actor, such as task difficulty/divine intervention.
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What are the two principles of Fritz's Attribution Theory
- Covariation- Cause of behavior is present when behavior happens, and absent when it doesnt.
- Discounting- Any possible cause will be discounted to other options. (external causes are causing behavior)
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What is Kelley's Attribution Theory?
- ANOVA Theory- 3 types of info needed to determine causation through covariations.
- Consensus-How are others acting in this situation?
- Distinctiveness- Does the Actor always act this way?
- Consistency- Does the behavior always occur this way? (Person laughing at foreign film)
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What does McArthur's research find?
People use distinctiveness and consistency info as predicted, but do not use consensus info, because people use themselves as a standard of comparison
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What is Jone's and Davis's correspondent inference theory also known as?
The discounting principle- you learn more about someone from their unusual behaviors, and you can infer the traits responsible for a behavior from its unique effects.
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What are errors with the attribution theory?
Actor-observer differences: He tripped because of the curb, he tripped because he was clumsy. People's POV changes.
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