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Greatest prepotential??
a. SA node
b. AV node
c. Atrial muscle fibres
d. Ventricular muscle
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In mild to moderate hemorrhage in healthy adult
a.
b.
c. significant cerebral and coronary vasoconstriction does not occur
d. blood pressure is normally maintained
e.
- .
- .
- .
- c. significant cerebral and coronary vasoconstriction does not occur
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Which has fastest conduction velocity?
a. SA node
b. atrial muscle
c. AV node
d. Bundle branches
e. Ventricular muscle
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Greatest AV O2 gradient to least AV O2 gradient?
a. heart muscle> liver > skin > kidney
b. Heart > liver > kidney > skin
- .
- .
- .
- a. heart muscle> liver > skin > kidney
remember: Heavy Breathing May Leave Skin Klammy (Heart, Brain, Muscle, Liver, Skin, Kidney)
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Baro-receptors located in all EXCEPT
a. carotid sinus
b. carotid body
c. aortic arch
d. Vena cava
e. Atria?
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Pulse pressure is decreased in all EXCEPT
a. increased aortic compliance
b. increased SVR
c. Decreased diastolic pressure
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In old age, all occur EXCEPT (I think it was an except question, not 100% sure though)
a. Diastolic BP increases
b. pulse pressure increases
c. Ventricular compliance increases
d. Aortic compliance increases
(? Not sure on this one.)
- .
- .
- .
- a. Diastolic BP increases ???
- Elderly:
- Decreased aortic compliance
- Decreased ventricular compliance
-
What is the mixed venous SvO2 for normal adult breathing 100% O2
a. 75%
-
Mitral valve opening coincides with:
a. the second heart sound
b. LV pressure > LA pressure
c. isovolumetric contraction
d.Aortic valve closing
- .
- .
- .
- d. aortic valve closing? - not quite but very close to MV opening
- NOT a. - 2nd Heart Sound is AV valve closing
- NOT b. - If LVP > LAP = MV closing
- NOT c. - before isovol contract MV closes
-
Which corresponds to maximal calcium flux in the myocyte:
a. P wave
b. T wave
c. R wave
d. ST segment
- .
- .
- .
- ?? d. ST segment - because this is when systole kicks in ( right after r wave)
-
Which of the following is true
a. o2 extraction is 70% normally in the heart.
b. coronary blood flow increases only to 400ml/min during exercise.
- .
- .
- .
- a. o2 extraction is 70% normally in the heart.
-
Exercise causes ( can someone remember this ? properly )
a. decreases SVR
-
Example of autoregulation
A. Increased tissue vascularity
B. Renin angiotensin system
-
What is 'Cardiac Efficiency'?
A. 20-30%
B. 31-40%
C. 41-50%
D. 51-60%
E. 61-70%
-
T Tubule in cardiac muscle?
A. Z line
B. A band
C. H band
-
VO2 Max in a sedentary male?
A. 4
B. 11
C. 40
-
Repeat question about radial art trace v aorta
A. Peaks earlier
B. Bigger diacrotic notch
-
Question about MAP
A. Determined by area under arterial waveform
B. Determined by arteriolar resistance
- .
- .
- .
- A. Determined by area under arterial waveform
-
Pulmonary wedge pressure
A. a but no c or v wave
B. a and c but no v wave
C. a, c and v wave
- .
- .
- .
- C. a, c and v wave
- Has same elements as atrial pressure, but may appear later
-
Mixed venous oxygen tension when breathing 100% oxygen
A) 50mmHg
B) 70mmHg
C) 85mmHg
D) 100mmHg
E) 650mmHg
-
The kidney has
A) less blood flow per 100g than the heart
B) greater AV extraction than the heart
C) flow is related to sodium reabsorption
D) renal blood flow is measured by inulin
- .
- .
- .
- C) flow is related to sodium reabsorption
-
The vasomotor centre in the medulla is
A. Depressed by local hypoxia
B. Stimulated by afferents from skeletal muscle
C. Stimulated by carotid sinus baroreceptors
D. Inhibited by aortic body stimulation
E. Stimulated by cardiopulmonary baroreceptors
- .
- .
- .
- D. Inhibited by aortic body stimulation
Look at Guyton - check
-
The A-V difference in terms of mLO2/100g/min from greatest to smallest:
A. ??
B. ??
C. ??
D. heart muscle > liver > skin > kidney
E. heart muscle > liver > kidney > skin
- .
- .
- .
- D. heart muscle > liver > skin > kidney
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