Chapter 4-6 Social Psy

_____ are beliefs about the traits or characteristics that particular social groups are thought to share.
A) Discriminations
B) Schemata
C) Stereotypes
D) Recategorizations
E) Prejudices

_____ is the classical conditioning of attitudes by exposure to stimuli that are below an individual's threshold of awareness.
A) Subliminal conditioning
B) Social conditioning
C) Operant conditioning
D) Awareness conditioning
E) Instrumental conditioning

The _____ is based on the observation that offering people small rewards for engaging in behaviors that are opposed to their true attitudes produces greater attitudinal changes than does offering them large rewards.
A) less-leads-to-more effect
B) the central route to persuasion
C) the peripheral route to persuasion
D) instrumental conditioning effect
E) attitude ambivalence effect

Persuasion can occur in either of two ways that differ in terms of _____.
A) the amount of cognitive processing involved
B) the level of cognitive dissonance produced
C) the amount of resistance people have
D) the level of fear evoked by the effort to persuade
E) the degree to which people are forewarned of the effort to change their attitudes or behaviors

suggests that our decisions to engage in particular behaviors is the result of a rational process.

a)The theory of reasoned action

b)The spreading of alternatives

c)The attitude-to-behavior process model

d)The elaboration likelihood model

e)The systematic processing theory

_____ occurs when a group of individuals collectively misunderstands what attitudes others hold, and erroneously believes that others have different attitudes than those of the group.
A) Biased assimilation
B) Pluralistic ignorance
C) Attitude accessibility
D) Social comparison
E) Attitude ambivalence

The _____ allows us to protect ourselves from unwanted or unflattering views of ourselves.
A) ego-defensive function of attitudes
B) the identity function of attitudes
C) self-esteem function of attitudes
D) impression motivation function of attitudes
E) the knowledge function of attitudes

Our attitudes toward an object can become more positive because we have previously seen the object. This is known as _____.
A) the mere exposure effect
B) the persuasion function
C) spreading of alternatives
D) the identity function
E) the knowledge function

_____ is a basic form of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a reaction originally evoked by a different stimulus.
A) Classical conditioning
B) Social learning
C) Observational learning
D) Operant conditioning
e) Instrumental conditioning

Stereotype threat causes decrements in performance, possible because ____________.
A. Stereotype threat decreases stress
B. Stereotype threat increases anxiety
C. Stereotype threat enhances performance
D. Stereotype threat decreases performance motivation
E. Stereotype threat increases rater bias

The process of comparing our own performance to that of someone who is less capable is known as downward social comparison.
a. True
b. False

When Karen was recently asked to describe herself to her classmates, she spoke about being a student and a member of her class. She pointed out the similarities and differences between herself and her fellow students. Karen was primarily making ____________ comparisons.
A. Instrumental group
B. Intergroup
C. Individual
D. Intragroup
E. Extragroup

One basic form of learning that helps to form our attitudes occurs when a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to cause reactions that were originally caused by another stimulus. This type of learning is known as ________________.

A. The Premack Principle
B. Observational learning
C. Operant conditioning
D. Signal relations learning
E. Classical conditioning