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"Laughing Philosopher"
1st.
"Don't"
Democritus.
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What contributions did Democritus make?
- Atoms are the smallest unit piece of matter
- "Atomos"
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What does the Democritus's model say/look like?
- Shape/size depend on object.
- Basic shapes.
- ex. circle, square, triangle
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Who is the father of modern atomic theory?
Dalton
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Father of modern atomic theory
"Drink."
Dalton.
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His experiement dealt with combining elements to form compounds?
Dalton
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What contributions did Dalton make?
- Said element are the same shape and had the same matching atoms. (Later found false)
- Atoms are combined in whole number rations to make compounds
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Said element are the same shape and had the same matching atoms. (Later found false)
Atoms are combined in whole number rations to make compounds
Dalton's Contributions.
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Whose experiment...
combined elements to form compounds?
Dalton
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All matter has atoms
The atom is an indivisible sphere
Dalton's model
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What did Dalton's model say?
- All matter had atoms
- The atom was an indivisible sphere
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Improved Dalton's theory.
"The"
Thomson
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What was Thomson's experiment?
Cathode Ray Experiment
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What did the Cathode Ray Experiment do?
- Cathode rays were passed through a magnetic field.
- Atoms attracted to pos. magnet
- Ray are negative electrons
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Rays are negative what?
Rays are negative electrons.
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Whose experiment...
was the Cathode Ray Experiment?
Thomson
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What were Thomson's contributions?
- Subatomic particles
- Discovered the Electron
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What is the "Plum Pudding" Model?
A nickname for Thomson's model for atoms.
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Who experiment...
Studied uranium and found that it emitted 'rays' on photographic film?
Becquerel
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What was Becquerel's experiment?
He studied uranium and found that it emitted 'rays' on photographic film.
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Which two scientists don't have a model?
Becquerel and Chadwick
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What were Becquerel's contributions?
The "rays" were actually radiation later named by Marie Curie
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Improved Thomson's theory.
"Milk"
Millikan
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What was Millikan's experiment?
The Oil Drop Experiment
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Whose experiment...
was the Oil Drop Experiment?
Millikan
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Whose contributions determined the charge of an electron?
Millikan
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His contribution determined the charge of an electron.
Millikan
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Improved Thomson's Model
"Right"
Rutherford
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Whose experiment...
was the Gold Foil Experiment?
Rutherford
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What happened during the Gold Foil experiment?
- Shot positive alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil
- Most particles went through, while a few deflected
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What was Rutherford's experiment?
Gold Foil experiment
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Whose contributions said...
1. Atoms are mostly empty space
2. Atom have a small, dense, positively charged center (Nucleus)
Rutherford
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During the Gold Foil experiment, 9,999 alpha particles out of 10,000 went straight the gold foil. What can be concluded?
Atoms are made of empty space
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During the Gold Foil experiment, 1 out of 10,000 alpha particles were dramatically deflected What can be concluded?
Atoms had a dense, positively charged center (Nucleus).
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What did Rutherford's contribution say?
- Atoms are mostly empty space
- Atoms have a small, dense, positively charged center (Nucleus)
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Improved on Rutherford's atoms
"Before"
Bohr
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Whose experiment...
1. Added energy to atoms
2. Studied spectral lines
Bohr
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What was Bohr's experiment?
- He added energy to atoms
- Studied spectral lines
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What was Bohr's contribution?
Electrons are in fixed energy levels (called orbits) around nucelus
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What are orbits?
The energy levels around the nucleus in which electrons are fixed in
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Electrons are fixed in energy levels, called orbits, around nucleus
Bohr's contribution
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Who's model is the "Planetary" model
Bohr's model
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Most curreny atomic model
"School,"
Schrodinger
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Whose experiment...
has VERY complex models?
Schrodinger
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What was Schrodinger's experiment?
VERY complex models
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Whose contributions said that electrons are in orbitals (regions of probability)?
Schrodinger
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What were Schrodinger's contributions?
Electrons are in orbitals (Regions of probablity)
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What are orbitals?
Regions of probablity
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Whose model is the Modern Atom (aka: wave-mechanical atom)
Schrodinger
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What was Schrodinger's model?
- Modern Atom
- Aka wave-mechanical atom
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The Modern Atom is also know as...?
Wave-mechanical atom
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Improved Rutherford's atoms
"Chad"
Chadwick
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Whose experiment...
Discovered the neutron?
Chadwick
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What was Chadwick's experiment/contribution?
He discovered the neutron
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List the scientists in order
- Democritus
- Dalton
- Thomson
- Becquerel
- Rutherford
- Bohr
- Schrodinger
- Chadwick
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Where are protons (p+) located?
The nucleus
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What is the charge of a proton (p+)?
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What is the mass of a proton (p+)?
1amu
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What is the symbol of a proton?
p+
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Where are neutrons (n0) located?
The nucleus
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What is the charged of a neutron (n0)?
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What is the mass of a neutron?
1amu
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What is the symbol of a neutron?
n0
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Which subatomic particle has the smallest mass?
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Where are electrons (e-) located?
On orbitals
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What is the charge of an electronn (e-)?
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What is the mass of an electron?
0amu
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What is the definition of Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)?
1/12 the mass of a Carbon-12 atom
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What is Nuclear Charge?
- Charge of the nucleus
- Always positive = # of protons
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On a periodic table, the top number above the letter is the...
Atomic number
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On a periodic table, the number below the letter is the...
Avg. atomic mass
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On a periodic table, the letter in the middle is the...
Symbol of the element
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What is avg. atomic mass?
The avg of all naturally occuring isotopes
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What is mass number?
Round the avg mass = # of protons + neutrons
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How do you find the avg mass?
# of protons + # of neutrons
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How do you find the proton?
Atomic number
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How do you find the neutrons?
Atomic mass - atomic number
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How do you find the electrons?
Atomic # - the charge
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Define finding a neutral electron
neutral: # of protons + # of electrons
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Define finding a positive ion
Positive ion: more protons. lost electrons
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Define finding a negative ion
Negative ion: more electrons. gain electrons
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An element has a charge.
True or false?
False. An electron has no charge
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An ion has a negative charge.
True or false?
False. An ion has a charge
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The top number in a substance symbol is the what?
The mass
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The bottom number in a substance symbol is the what?
The atomic number
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Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
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What are the characteristics of a neutron?
It has no charge and a mass of 1amu
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In which group do the particles contain only nucleons?
Protons and neutrons
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What is the charge of a proton?
It has a positive charge (+1) and 1amu
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Which subatomic particles hae a mass of approximately 1 atmoic mass unit?
Protons and neutrons
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What are the nucleons in the atom?
Protons and neutrons
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The major portion of an atom's mass consists of...
protons and neutrons
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Which particle has approximately the same mass as a proton?
Neutron
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As the numbeer of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom increases, the nuclear charge of the atom does what?
Remains the same
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An electron has a charge of...
-1 and a smaller mass than a proton
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The atomic number of an atom is always equal to the number of its....
protons, only
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All atoms of a given element must contain the same number of
protons
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Which statement best describes electrons?
They are negative particles found surrounding the nucleus
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What is the atomic number of an element that has 6 protons and 8 neutrons?
6
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What is the nucleus charge of an iron atom (Fe)
+26
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The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom can be determined by...
Subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass
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What's the definition of an isotope?
Atoms with the same atomic number (# of protons), but different atomic mass (# of neutrons)
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Where do nuclear reactons occur?
In the nucleus
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What elements are radioactive?
- Atomic #82 or higher is naturally radioactive
- Less than 82 can be radioactive
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What does unstable nuclei mean?
The number of neutrons is far greater than the # of protons
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What are some natural sources of radiation?
Ground, sun, potassium
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What element is U?
Uranium
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What element is Ra?
Radium
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What element is Pu?
Plutonium
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