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What are the basic units of life called?
CELLS
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What three things does the cell theory state?
- 1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS
- 2. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN LIVING THINGS
- 3. NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED FROM EXISTING CELLS
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How do microscopes work?
MICROSCOPES use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons.
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What is the name for the thin flexible barrier that surrounds cells?
the CELL MEMBRANE.
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What is the term for the large membrane enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many cell activities?
the NUCLEUS.
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What type of cell encloses its DNA in nuclei?
EUKARYOTES
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Any living thing is called a(n) _________.
ORGANISM
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The maintaining of internal conditions is known as __________.
HOMEOSTASIS
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What is the term for the obtaining and using of materials for energy?
a METABOLISM.
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What must all living structures contain?
GENETIC INFORMATION.
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What is a universal characteristic of all living things?
GROWING AND DEVELOPING.
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The basic unit(s) of structure and function in all living things is/are known as ________.
CELLS
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How are new cells reproduced?
from EXISTING CELLS.
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What is the general term for structures inside a cell that carry out the cell's functions?
ORGANELLES.
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All ________ are __________ but not all ________ are ___________.
A) organelles, structures, structures, organelles
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What three things does every type of cell have?
a CELL MEMBRANE, GENETIC INFORMATION, and a CYTOPLASM.
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What part of the cell composes a cell's outer layer and is made up of lipids (fats)?
the CELL MEMBRANE.
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A cell's ____________ controls what enters and exits the cell, thus is selectively permeable.
CELL MEMBRANE
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The blueprint of an organism is known as its _______________.
GENETIC INFORMATION.
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A cell's ______________ tells the cell how to build itself and how to function.
GENETIC INFORMATION
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What comprises the "brain" of a cell?
a cell's GENETIC INFORMATION.
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Where is GENETIC INFORMATION stored?
in the DNA or RNA of a cell.
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The fluid inside of a cell is known as the cell's _____________.
CYTOPLASM
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The "blood" of a cell is contained in the cell's ______________.
CYTOPLASM
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In what part of a cell is the cell's DNA found?
the cell's NUCLEUS.
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What cell structure modifies protein and has ribosomes embedded in its surface?
the ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
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What part of a cell synthesizes non-protein materials for the cell and has no ribosomes?
the SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
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What structure(s) synthesize(s) protein for a cell?
RIBOSOMES.
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A cell's ___________ packages and ships proteins.
GOLGI APPARATUS
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What part of a cell converts the energy stored in compounds into usable energy?
the cell's MITOCHONDRIA.
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What part of a plant cell converts light energy into energy storing compounds?
the CHLOROPLASTS of a plant cell.
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Waste materials and old organelles are broken down by ____________.
LYSOSOMES
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Short hairlike projections that move materials accross the cell are known as ________.
CILLIA
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The framework of a cell that is made of microtubes is called the cell's ____________.
CYTOSKELETON
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The long whiplike tail that is used to move the cell is called a __________.
FLAGELLA
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The small packet of materials and storage units inside a cell is called the cell's _________.
VACUOLE
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What do the large VACUOLES in plant cells specifically hold?
WATER.
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The extra layer of protection and support outside the cell membrane is called a _________.
CELL WALL
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A cell's _________ is made exclusively of carbohydrates.
CELL WALL
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What part of a cell is made of microtubels and is used in cell division?
the CENTRIOLE.
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The small membrane surrounded packets in a cell are called _________.
VESICLES
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A cell's ________ holds matter for a greater amount of time than the cell's ________.
VACUOLE, VESICLE
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What are the 8 criteria/characteristics for LIVING THING?
It must:
- 1. GROW AND DEVELOP
- 2. REPRODUCE
- 3. BE MADE UP OF 1 OR MORE CELLS
- 4. CONTAIN GENETIC INFORMATION
- 5. EVOLVE OVER TIME
- 6. INTERACT WITH ITS ENVIRONMENT
- 7. MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
- 8. HAVE A METABOLISM
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Blood or water with the same solutes dissolved in it is called a(n) _____________.
OUTSIDE SOLUTION
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Water is __________ permiable to membranes.
a) selectively
b) freely
b) freely
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Mixtures in which one substance is dissolved in another are known as __________.
SOLUTIONS
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________ can be taken apart, but __________ cannot be taken apart.
a) mixtures, compounds
b) compounds, mixtures
a) mixtures, compounds
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What is the term for a material (typically a solid one) that dissolves into another material?
a SOLUTE.
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What is the term for the material that another material dissolves into?
a SOLVENT.
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Only ________ cells have CENTRIOLES.
B) animal
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What kind of organism is the only type that cell specialization occurs in?
a MULTICELLULAR organism.
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When individual cells or groups of cells perform 1 particular task it is called ____________.
CELL SPECIALIZATION
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When a cell forms a vesicle around the particle and brings it inside the cell, it is called _____________.
ENDOCYTOSIS
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When a cell forms a vesicle around the particle and sends it outside the cell, it is called ____________.
EXOCYTOSIS
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What is the term for proteins in the membrane that pump particles against the concentration gradient?
PROTEIN PUMPS.
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What are 3 examples of PASSIVE TRANSPORT?
DIFFUSION, FACILITATED DIFFUSION, and OSMOSIS.
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What is the term for when concentrations are different?
a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT.
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Particles move naturally from an area with ______ concentration to an area with _______ concentration.
A) low, high
B) high, low
B) high, low
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Groups of cells that carry out a specific function are known as ________.
TISSUES
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In DIFFUSION, FACILITATED DIFFUSION, and OSMOSIS, particles move ________ the concentration gradient.
A) down
B) up
A) down
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Solutions with ____ solute are concentrated.
A) high
B) low
A) high
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Solutions with ____ solute are diluted.
A) high
B) low
B) low
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A group of tissues that carries out a specific function is known collectively as a(n) ________.
ORGAN
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A group of organs that carry out a specific function is known as a(n) ____________.
ORGAN SYSTEM
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What are the 3 reasons that ACTIVE TRANSPORT occurs?
1. because energy is needed to move particles, because particles are moving up the concentration gradient.
2. Because the particle's size and/or polarity makes it so it cannot pass through the cell membrane.
3. Because of the movement created by protein pumps.
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What are two examples of an ORGAN SYSTEM?
The MUSCULAR SYSTEM, and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
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Is H20 a SOLVENT or a SOLUTE?
It is a SOLVENT.
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What 3 things/materials are dissolved in the cytoplasm?
SALTS, SUGARS, and IONS (changed particles).
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EUKARYOTES have _________ organelles than PROKARYOTES.
A) more
B) less
A) more
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Which organelle helps in cell division?
the CENTRIOLE.
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What is another word that is used to describe PROKARYOTIC cells?
BACTERIA.
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In a(n) __________ solution, the outside concentration is less than the cell concentration.
C) hypotonic
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In a(n) ___________ solution, the outside concentration is greater than the cell concentration.
B) hypertonic
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In a(n) ___________ solution, the outside concentration is equal to the cell concentration.
B) isotonic
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What is the term for the amount of solute in a solvent?
CONCENTRATION.
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What is the equation for CONCENTRATION?
Concentration = mass of solute/volume of solvent
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What are three examples of organs?
STOMACH, and GALLBLADDER.
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