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What are 3 drastic conditions a chemist might use to aide a chemical reaction?
very acidic, very basic, or high temp.
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Define: Catalyst
A compound that will speed up the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the overall process.
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A typical example of a catalyst would be the hydrolysis of ______ to form glucose and fructose.
Sucrose
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Sucrose (C12H22O11) + H2O = ______ + _____
Glucose + Fructose
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If sucrose were placed in water by itself, the sugar would take a _____ amount of time to break up.
long
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If 20% acid is added to sugar, the acid catalyst will (speed up or slow down) the reaction and allow the sucrose to hydrolyzed in about 30 min. at 50*C.
speed up
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Does the addition of acid cause immediate hydrolysis of sucrose?
no
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Can enzyems be used as a catalyst?
yes
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Define: Enzymes
the biochemicals that catalyze the sythesis and breakdown of biochemical molecules.
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Under physiological temperatures (37*C) the enzyme called _____ will catalyze the breakdown of sucrose in a matter of seconds.
sucrase
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Starch units are broken down into simpler _______.
carbs
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What enzyme breaks down starch and where is it found?
Ptyalin, which is found in saliva
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Does the activity, or rate of action, of the ptyalin varies or stay the same from person to person?
varies
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Define: Ptyalin Number
the number of milliliters of 1% starch soluction taht can be digested in 30min. by 1ml of saliva.
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A soluction of starch will turn what color when mixed with a few drops of iodine solution?
dark blue
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When starch becomes hydrolzed to the smaller carb fragments, what happens to the color?
the color disappears
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What characteristic of the starch-enzyme solution indicates the starch has been hydrolyzed?
when it reaches the achromic (colorless) point
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Amylose structure of starch --> ________
maltose
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What is the formula to find the ptyalin number?
Ptyalin number = ?ml starch/ ?ml saliva
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What is a major difference between an enzyme and an ordianary catalyst?
Enzymes cause the reaction rate to be much faster than an ordinary catalyst would.
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If the ptyalin number is to be measured with a 1% starch solution, why is a 2% starch solution employed in this experiment?
The 3ml of 2% starch is the same as 6ml of 1% starch solution. So, 6ml of 1% starch solution required 0.03ml of saliva to reach the achromic point.
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Why does a cracker taste sweet after it has been in your mouth for a while?
Ptyalin, an enzyme found in saliva, breaks down starch into carbs.
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The complete hydrolysis of starch yields what simple sugar?
carbs
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