1.Abnormal responses to a hormone by target cells include:
abnormal receptor activity.
2.The most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is:
cancer.
3.A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would be expected in this patient?
hyponatraemia
4.A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for SIADH. Which of the following clinical manifestations would be expected in this patient?
concentrated urine
5.A severe consequence of SIADH is:
neurologic damage
6.A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary. Which of the following complications should be anticipated?
dehydration from polyuria
7.A side effect of some general anesthetic agents is _____ diabetes insipidus.
nephrogenic
8.A 50-year-old male patient presents with polyuria and extreme thirst. He was given exogenous ADH. For which of the following would this treatment be effective?
neurogenic diabetes insipidus
9.The most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome) is:
benign adrenal adenoma.
10.Laboratory investigation of a patient with hyperaldosteronism would reveal:
hypokalaemia.
11.Characteristic physical features of individuals with Cushing’s syndrome include:
truncal obesity and thin skin.
12.A 49-year-old female is diagnosed with hypercortisolism. An increase in which of the following would be expected?
protein catabolism and muscle wasting
13.Cushing’s disease can manifest with elevated levels of:
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
14.A 35-year-old female took corticosteroid therapy for several months. Which of the following would be expected?
type 2 diabetes mellitus
15.Which of the following alterations would you expect to find in a patient with untreated Cushing’s disease or syndrome?
hypertension
16.A 12-year-old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her disease?
immune destruction of the pancreas
17.A 12-year-old male is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following is most beneficial in confirming the diagnosis?
asting and postprandial plasma glucose levels
18.An 11-year-old male is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Before treatment he most likely experienced:
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss.
19.Management of diabetes mellitus involves measuring glycated (glycosylated) haemoglobin (haemoglobin A1c) levels. The purpose of this test is to:
monitor long-term serum glucose control.
20.A 35-year-old female with Graves’ disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. Laboratory tests would most likely reveal:
high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating antibodies.
21.The level of triiodothyronine (T3) in Graves’ disease is usually abnormally:
high
22.Visual disturbances are a common occurrence in patients with untreated Graves’ disease. The main cause of these complications is:
orbital oedema and extraocular muscle paralysis
23.A 35-year-old female with Graves’ disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following symptoms would be expected before treatment?
skin hot and moist, rapid heart rate
24.The basal metabolic rate is unusually _____ with hypothyroidism.
low
25.A problem associated with chronic hyperparathyroidism is:
osteoporosis and pathologic fractures.
26.Hypoparathyroidism is most commonly caused by:
parathyroid gland injury.
27.A 45-year-old female with Graves’ disease underwent surgical removal of her thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, her serum calcium was low. The most probable reason for her low serum calcium is:
hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands