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intro to a&p test 5
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The opening of the nose
NARES
The air-filled cavity behind the nose
NASAL CAVITY
The scientific name for the “windpipe”
TRACHEA
One of the two branches formed by division of the trachea
PRIMARY BRONCHUS
The second branch formed by division of the trachea
SECONDARY BRONCHUS
The area below the nasal cavities that is common to both the digestive and respiratory systems.
PHARYNX
A small air-conducting tube containing a smooth muscle layer but little or no cartilage
BRONCHIOLE
The blood vessels associated with the respiratory structure involved in external gas exchange
CAPILARY
The substance that carries most of the oxygen in the blood
HEMOGLOBIN
The substance that carries most of the carbon dioxide in the blood
WATER
The destruction of the alveoli of the lungs often related to heavy smoking
EMPHYSEMA
A type of COPD in which the airways are continually inflamed
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
A type of COPD in which the alveoli of the lungs coalesce
EMPHYSEMA
An allergic reaction that affects the bronchial tubes
ASTHMA
The inner layer of the digestive tract
MUCOSA
The middle layer of the digestive tract
MUSCULARIS
The outer layer of the digestive tract
SEROSA
Folds in the stomach that are absent if the stomach is full
RUGAE
The proximal region of the stomach (closest to the heart)
CARDIAC
The middle region of the stomach
BODY
The “dome-shaped” structure of the stomach
FUNDUS
The distal region of the stomach
PYLORIS
The valve between the distal end of the stomach and the small intestine
PYLORIC SPHYNCTER
The first portion of the small intestine
DUODENUM
The second portion of the small intestine
JEJUNUM
The third portion of the small intestine
ILLEUM
The “pouch” at the proximal large intestine
CECUM
The worm shaped appendage attached to the cecum
VERIFORM APPENDIX
Which parts of the large intestine are not parts of the colon?
CECUM, RECTUM
The portion of the colon between the cecum and liver
ASCENDING COLON
The portion of the colon between the liver and spleen
TRANSVERSE COLON
The portion of the colon between the spleen and sigmoid colon
DESCENDING COLON
The last portion of the colon
SIGMOID
The splitting of food molecules by the addition of water
HYDROLISYS
A waste product produced from the destruction of red blood cells
BILIREUBEN
Which organ (besides the liver) hemolyzes red blood cells?
SPLEEN
What chemical has built up in the blood if the skin appears yellow?
BILIREUBEN
What do we call the condition where the skin appears yellow?
JONDICE
Which organ of the body removes bilirubin from the blood?
LIVER
_____ is produced by the break down of bilirubin.
BILE
Bile is stored in the _____ until we eat a fatty meal.
CHOLECYST
Bile helps emulsify _____ in our diet.
LIPIDS
A pancreatic enzyme that splits proteins into amino acids
PROTEASE
Inflammation of the stomach and intestine
GASTROENTERITIS
A microscopic functional unit of the kidney
NEPHRON
An enzyme produced by the kidney
RENIN
The process by which substances leave the glomerulus and enter the glomerular capsule
FILTRATION
The hormone that increases the permeability of the DCT and collecting duct to water (increasing water reabsorption)
ANTIDIHURETIC HORMONE ADH
An indication of the amount of dissolved substances in the urine
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
The presence of an abundant blood protein in the urine
ALBUMINURIA
The general condition caused by accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
UREMIA
Select the correct order of urine flow from its source to the outside of the body
RENAL PEKVIS
URETER
BLADDER
URETHRA
The enzyme renin raises blood pressure by activating:
ANGIOTENSIN
The scientific name for the throat
PHARYNX
The glottis is covered by the _____ during swallowing
EPIGLOTTIS
The left primary bronchus is formed by the division of the _____.
TRACHEA
The layer of the digestive tract wall that produces mucus is the
MUCOSA
The breakdown of food into small particles that can pass through intestinal cells
DIGESTION
The blood vessels that drain the kidney
RENAL VEIN
Process by which substances leave convoluted tubule and return to the blood
REABSORBTION
The presence of this material in the urine results in pyuria
PUS
The scientific name for the voice box
LARYNX
The leaf-shaped structure that helps to prevent the entrance of food into the trachea
EPIGLOTTIS
The only respiratory structures containing specialized capillary beds for external respiration
ALVEOLI
The process by which oxygen moves from the blood into tissue
INTERNAL RESPERATION
A lower than normal concentration of oxygen in the tissues
HYPOXIA
Heavy smoking is often related to the destruction of the _____ of the lungs causing emphysema.
ALVEOLI
Carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood (into the air) during
EXTERNAL RESPERATION
The transfer of nutrients into the bloodstream
ABSORPTION
The breakdown (chemical and mechanical) of food into small particles that can pass through intestine
DIGESTION
What kind of muscle is found in the muscularis layer of the digestive tract?
SMOOTH
The section of the small intestine that receives gastric juices and food from the stomach
DOUDENUM
A blind-ended lymphatic vessel that absorbs fat
LACTEAL
The chemical that speeds the splitting of food molecules
ENZYME
The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside
URETHRA
The word part _____ means kidney
NEPHRO
A tube connecting the kidney to the bladder
URETER
The blood vessels (ball of capillaries) connecting the afferent and efferent arteriole
GLOMERULES
The hormone produced in the kidney that stimulates erythrocyte synthesis by the red bone marrow
ERYTHROPOETIN
The presence of blood in the urine
HEMATURIA
Elimination of very large amounts of urine
POLYURIA
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
CYSTITIS
Urine does NOT usually contain
PUS
PROTIEN
BLOOD
GLUCOSE
The trachea is held open by c-shaped rings of
CARTILAGE
Each lobe of the lung is supplied air by a ____ bronchus.
SECONDARY BRONCHUS
The structure found where the primary bronchi bifurcate from the trachea is the
CARINA
The layer of the digestive tract wall that is responsible for peristalsis
MUSCULARIS
The process of chewing
MASTICATION
The process of swallowing
DEGLUTINATION
The blood vessels that that feed the kidneys
RENAL ARTERIES
The presence of this material in the urine results in cylindruria.
CASTS
_____ (whose name means between white blood cells) are produced by Helper T-cells and stimulate B-Cells (Beta Cells).
INTERLEUKENS
After being stimulated by interleukins _____ turn into plasma cells
B-CELLS
Antigens are presented to Helper T-Cells by _____.
MACROPHAGE
Foreign proteins or pathogens are called _____ when they enter the body.
ANTIGEN
High levels of _____ stimulate Suppressor T-Cell which stops further antibody production.
ANTIBODY
This stoppage of further antibody production (see last question) is an example of _____ feedback.
NEGATIVE
The leukocytes that actually produce the antibodies against the pathogens are called _____.
PLASMA
What kind of leukocyte remains in the body after the infection is gone?
B-CELL
What kind of leukocyte ingests antigens?
MACROPHAGE
The gamete of the male
SPERMATAZOA
The gamete of the female
OVA
The gonad of the male
TESTES
The gonad of the female
OVARIES
Fringelike extensions that sweep the ovum into the tube
FEMBRILE
The name of the tube that carries the ovum to the uterus (not uterine tube)
FALLOPIAN TUBE
Where fertilization usually occurs
FALLOPIAN TUBE
Scientific term for the process that attaches the embryo to the uterus
IMPLANTATION
Scientific name for the egg
OVUM
The fertilized “egg” is called a
ZYGOTE
Does the umbilical cord belong to the mother, baby, or both?
BABY
What attaches the umbilical cord to the mother?
PLACENTA
The cheese-like material that protects the skin of the fetus
VERNIX CASEOSA
Term for a person who has a recessive gene but does not exhibit the trait
CARRIER
Is the ovum released directly into the mother’s abdominal cavity?
YES
Name one difference between the egg of a chicken and the ovum of a woman.
YOKE
The name of an unborn child that becomes a fetus.
EMBRYO
The real name for a miscarriage.
SPONTANIOUS ABORTION
Term for a gene that is always seen (manifested) in the offspring
DOMINANT
What do you call a gene that must be received from both parents before it is seen (manifested) in the offspring?
RECESIVE
Term describing any trait (defect) present at birth
CONGENATIVE
What are the two possible causes of defects present at birth?
GENETIC
Kind of cell division that forms somatic cells
MIOTIC
Kind of cell division that forms gametes
TESTOTERONE
Primary male hormone
TESTOSTERONE
Primary female hormone
ESTROGEN
PROGESTIN
Do females have testosterone?
YES
Do males have estrogen?
YES
Name the two kinds of erectile tissues.
CORPUS SPONGOSIUM
CORPORA CAVERNOSUM
Name of the fluid filled cavity present during the 1st ½ of the menstrual month
GRAAFIAN FOLLICALE
The solid gland present during the second ½ of the menstrual month
CORPUS LUTEUM
Term for decreased number of spermatozoa
OLIGAMINORIA
Term for menstrual flow
MENORRHEA
Term for excessive flow
MENORRHAGIA
Term for difficult menses
DYSMENORRHEA
Term for slight flow
OLIGOMENORRHEA
Name for the duration of pregnancy, about 40 weeks
GESTATION
What 5 structures are only present prior to birth?
PLACENTA
AMNIOTIC SAC
UMBILICAL CORD
YOLK SAC
What organs of the fetus are not functional prior to birth?
LUNGS
The “female” chromosome
X
The male chromosome
Y
Name for any change in the genetic code
MUTATION
Is this change in the genetic code usually a good or bad thing?
BAD
Are most deleterious (bad) genes dominant or recessive?
RECESIVE
Which parent’s gametes determine the gender of the child?
FATHER
Protein synthesis occurs in the _____ of the cell.
RIBOSOME
The building blocks of proteins are_____.
AMINO ACIDS
_____ are chemicals that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction.
CATALYST
_____ are catalysts made out of proteins.
ENZYMES
Enzymes are synthesized in the _____ of the cell.
RIBOSOME
Author
abnrml101
ID
1102
Card Set
intro to a&p test 5
Description
test 5
Updated
2009-11-19T18:28:11Z
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