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what is the function of the respiratory system?
- -Gas exchange
- (exchange of O2 for CO2
- -Regulate of blood PH
- (by altering blood CO2 levels)
- -Speech
- (movement of air past vocal folds)
- -Olfaction
- (movement of air inside nasal cavity)
- -Immunity
- (some lymph nodes, surfactants in lungs)
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what is the location of the nasal cavity?
from the nares(nostrils) to choanea (opening of nasal cavity into pharynx)
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what type of cells make up the nasal cavity?
- outside
- -lined with stratified squamous epithelium
- inside
- -pseudostratified columnar
- (makes mucous membrane)
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what are the functions of the nasal cavity?
- -serves as passageway for air when eating
- -cleans air as it passes into trachea
- -vestible lined with hairs that catch some dust
- -chochea makes turbulance so that air must interact with mucous membrane
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what is the pharynx?
common opening of respiratory and digestive system
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what is the three layers of the pharynx?
- -Nasopharynx
- contains pharyngeal tonsil, (adenoid)
- -Oropharynx
- contains two of the tonsils (palatine, lingual)
- -Laryngopharynx
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what three main functions do the larynx perform? name structures
- -Thyroid
- cricoid cartilages maintain open passageway for air
- -Epiglottis
- vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
- prevent entry of food
- -Vocal folds (vocal cords)
- are used to produce sound
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what type of cartilage is the epiglottis composed of?
elastic cartilage
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what assist you in holding your breath?
vestibular folds
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what are the two cell types of alveoli?
- -Type I pneumocytes
- (thin squamous epithelium that is 90% of surface, gas exchange occurs through these cells)
- Type II pneumocytes
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what makes up the respiratory membrane?
alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries
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what is the respiratory membrane consist of?
- -alveolar fluid (with surfactant)
- -aveolar epithelium (simple squamous)
- -fused basement membranes of alveolus and capillary
- -capillary endothelium (simple squamous)
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what cavity is the lungs located?
lie within the thoracic cavity, within a division called the pleural cavity
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what is the two membranes of the lungs?
- -parietal pleural
- covers inner thoracic wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum
- -visceral pleura
- covers surface of lung
- continuous with parietal pleura at hilum
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what is tidal volume?
the volume of air inspired (inhaled) or expired (exhaled) durning a normal breath.
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what is inspiratory reserve volume (IVR)?
the maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal after a normal inspiratory breath
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what is expiratory reserve volume (EVR)?
the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a normal expiratory breath
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what is residual volume?
the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced maximal exhalation
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what is the total lung capacity?
- the total amount of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration.
- TLC=TV+IVR+EVR+RV
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what is the vital capacity?
- the maximal amount that can be forcefully exhaled following a maximal inspiration.
- VC=TV+IVR+EVR
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what is inspiratory capacity?
- the maximal amount that can be inspired from the end of a normal expiration
- IC=TV+IVR
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what is functional residual capacity?
the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration
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