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Enlightenment
- began with Locke and Isaac Newton
- viewed as radical from most of the European countries
- this idea creates classical music, books, masons etc.
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Philosophes
- Nothing to be accepted on faith, only reason
- human society had laws
- progress was possible
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Three Estates
- 1st- Clergy(100,000)
- 2nd- Nobility (fighters-400,000)
- 3rd- Peasants and Bourgeoise (24 mil)
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The Encyclopedia
- First one made
- Contained loads of information
- Produced by Enlightenment
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Louis XVI
- Inherited massive debt from father
- Weak
- Unable to deal with Frances Problems
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The Bastille
- A fortress in Paris
- Was stormed by 3rd Estate and freed few prisoners and stole ammunition and firearms
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
- was formed from the National Assembly in France
- gave the citizens of France rights
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Committee of Public Safety
caused Reign of Terror(12 men ruled and had unlimited power)
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Levee En Masse
- 1st Military Draft
- Creates the French NATION
- Biggest Army ~ 600,000 men
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Guillotine
- Made as part of Enlightenment
- Clean kill
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Free Trade
Countries trade money/goods for other goods/supplies
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Enclosure
Rich land owners blocked their private land from the middle and poor classes
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Industrialization
- machines, in urban factories, with unskilled labor, replacing artisanal labor
- literally powered by steam engine
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British East India Company
- Originally brought in as "tax farmers"(have power to raise taxes)
- Company began to acquire more and more territory in order to secure and impose political order in India
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Anglicization
Spreading or making another culture more English/British
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Sati
Ritual sacrifice done by Buddhist Monks in India
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Thuggees
Basically Indias version of Thugs
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Tanzimat
- restructuring; was opposed by janissaries and the "ulema
- pushed by the British to modernize the Ottoman Empire
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Realpolitik
- the politics of tough minded realism
- neither liberal nor conservative
- sought to engage the world as it was, not as idealists thought it would be
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Essays
- 1. What were the causes and consequences of the
- French Revolution?
- 2. What were the causes and consequences of the
- Industrial Revolutions?
- 3. How and
- why did the Europeans first colonize and then rule Africa and India?
- 4. How did the non-Western countries—the
- Ottomans, China, Russia and Japan—react and engage with the
- imperial Western powers?
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Zaibatsu
In Japan- corporations formed to power the 2nd Industrial Revolution
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2nd Industrial Revolution
- Uses Electricity, Petroleum, and Steel
- Allows for an unprecedented level of production
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Meiji Restoration
- Shogunate cannot resist foreigners, which erodes its prestige
- Reform-minded daimyo stage a takeover and restore the Emporer to power
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