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Aristotle (330BC)
2 kingdom: Plantae & animalia
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Ernst Haeckel (1866)
3 kingdom: Protista added to Plant and animal
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Herbert Copeland (1956)
- 4 kingdom: added Monera (bacteria=prok) due to seeing nucleus thru electron microscope
- Protista (fungi included), plantae (metaphytes) and animalia (metazoans & SPONGES included) remained
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Robert Whittacker (1969)
- 5 Kingdoms: Added FUNGI as separate group due to CHITON component of cell wall, also b/c it's a heterotroph
- MOnera (prok), Protista (protozoa & SC algae), plantae (metaphyes & MC algae), animalia (SPonges & metazoans)
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Carl Woese (1977)
- 6 Kingdoms: Added ARCHAEOBACTERIA (sn-G-1-p LIPIDS..w 2 subkingdoms) and Eubacteria (sn-G-3-p LIPIDS w/2 subkingdoms) in place of MONERA
- 1. Archaeobacteria (do not cause disease in euk or humans)
- 1A Crenarchaeota: NO HISTONES, NO CELL WALLS
- 1B Eukyarchaeota: HISTONES, No MUREIN cell walls
- 2. Eubacteria (cause disease in euk or humans)
- 2A MonoDermata: Gram +, NO Histone Proteins, Murein cell wall, SINGLE cell Membrane
- 2B Didermata: Gram -, NO Histone proteins, Murein cell wall, DOUBLE Cell membrane
- Groups 3-6 all sn-G-3-p LIPIS WIth histones present, nucleus present, no murein cell walls
- 3. Protista
- 4. PLantae: CELLULOSE CELL WALL, CHloroplasts
- 5. Fungi: CHITIN CELL WALL, NO chloroplasts
- 6. Animalia: No cell wall, COLLAGEN
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