Management 7

defining an organizations goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing plans to intergrate and coordinate work activities

• provides direction
• reduces uncertainty
• minimizes waste and redundancy
• establishes goals or standards used in controlling

plans that apply to an entire organizaton and establish the organization's overall goals

plans that encompass a particular operational area of an organization

plans with a time frame beyond three years

plans covering one year or less

plans that are clearly defined and that leave no room for interpretation

plans that are flexible and that set out general guidelines

a one-time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation

ongoing plans that provide guidance for activities performed repeatedly

top[ managers set goals that flow down through the organization and become subgoals for each organizational area

a process of setting mutually agreed upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance

• s.m.a.r.t. (specific measurable attainable realistic timely)
• goal commitment
• develop effective action plans (how who what when)
• track progress (short term v longterm)
• maintain flexibility