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What is the active ingredient in willow bark, and with what drug does it share side effects?
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What analgesic type works only in the CNS?
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
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What is it about acetaminophens that reduce their systemic side effects?
Because they only work in the CNS, they do not inhibit normal Cox-1 prostaglandin functions that help protect the stomach, kidneys, and fetal heart development.
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Which analgesic binds irreversibly to platelets? What effect does this have?
- Salycilates (asprin)
- This prevents platelet aggregation, which can help reduce blood clotting & sticking in the vascular system.
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What is a potentially serious side effect of acetaminophen overdose?
Liver failure
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Which types of non-opioid analgesics have high protein binding? Which do not?
All but acetaminophen have high protein binding.
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How are nonopioid analgesics excreted?
Some active drug is excreted renally (through the kidneys).
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Why should the dose of NSAIDs possibly be decreased for older adults?
They have an increased risk for perforated gastric ulcers with NSAIDs.
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What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
acetylcysteine
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When celecoxib or asprin combined with alcohol, it can cause damage to what organ?
Stomach
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When acetominaphen is combined with alcohol, it can cause damage to what organ?
Liver
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What is a potential side effect of long-term therapy with NSAIDs or acetominaphen? What organ can they wear down over time?
- Analgesic nephropathy
- Kidneys
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Why would you need to drink a full glass of water with an NSAID?
To help it dissolve, enter the blood more readily, and work faster.
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What are the constituitive effects of Cox-1 enzymes?
- 1. Protect the GI mucosa by decreasing the secretion of stomach acid, stomach pepcin, & increasing mucus production.
- 2. Protect the kidneys/promote adequate function by increasing excretion of Na+ and water, or increase secretion of free water.
- 3. In utero, they maintain patency of fetal ductus arteriosus after 30 weeks (little hole in aortic branch). 4. Regulate platelet aggregation; keep them from becoming too sticky
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