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dependent variable
distance from ball from target. date that you are collecting
-
constant
distance from target, number of throws
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experimental group
group that is tested
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control group
group that you are not testing. serves as a comparison to the experimental group
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independent variable
factor that you test or alter during the experiemtn
-
dependent variable
factor that you measure- type of data that you are collecting
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alteration of generations
- life cycle of plants. haploid and diploid stage.
- Diploid stage- plants produce sporophytes- which undergo meiosis to produce unicellular haploid spores
- The Haploid spres divide by mitosis to produce a gamotophyte. The gametophyte produces seperate male and female gametes that fuse to form zygote, which develope from an embryo into the diploid sporophyte.
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4 plant groups
- Bryophytes- moss, liverworts, lack roots. leaves, stems
- Seedless vascular plants- ferns, club mosses,
- Gymnosperm-
- Angiosperms- flowering plants
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Fungi
- Can be decomposers, parasites, predatory, mutualistic.
- Produce sexually or asexually
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Major Fungi Groups
- Chytridomycota- aquatic
- Zygomycota- decomposers of material in soil. zygospore.
- Ascomycota- reproduce asexually by spores. ascus.
- Basidiomycota- produce basdium
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Symbiotic relationships involving fungi
- lichens- formed from interactions of fungus with algae or cyanobacteria
- Myocorrhizae- formed when a fungus interact with roots of a plant
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Forest Stratification
- canopy- tallest
- subcanopy- trees of medium hight
- ground cover- short plants
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prokaryotic cells
- bacteria- single cells. pathogens. decompose and recycle
- Archaea- single celled. inhabit extreme enviorments
Lack nucleas and organelles
-
Eukaryots
- Protists- single celled. amoebas. seaweed.
- Fungi
- Animals
- Plants
-
structures of eukaryotes and prokaryots
- plasma membrane
- ribosomes
- dna
-
ribosomes
coordinate protien synthesis
-
chloroplast
photosynthesis
-
mitochondria
cellular respiration
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compound microscope
- 40x-1000x
- cells of animals, plants, fungi, some bacteria
- cell structures
-
steroscopic microscope
- 7x-30x
- 3d view of object becase light hitting the surface of a specimen is reflected up through the lens system of dissecting microscope
-
electron microscope
- 1,000,000x
- can distinguish 2 objects close together
-
depth of field
the thickness of a specimen that is in focus at a specific magnification
-
magnification
calculated as the magnification of the ocular lens (10x) times the magnification of the objective lens (the integer that is printed on the side of the lens)
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functional group
a group of atoms attached to a carbon chain
-
monomer
- smallest subumit of a biological molecule
- glucose
-
-
carbs
- Glucose- mono
- Fructose- mono
- Sucrose- di
- Starch- poly
C, H, O
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lipids
- fats/oils/waxes
- phospholipids
- steroids
C, H, O
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Protiens
amino acids made up of C with 4 functional groups (H, NH2, COOH, variety)
-
catechol oxidase formula
Catechol + .5 02 -- (C.o)---> Benzoquinone + H20
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stomata
- lets co2 into internal spaces of leaf, which is then sued for photosynthesis
- When it closes, CO2 is no longer available for photosynthesis
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spongy mesophyll
where some photosynthesis takes place
-
palisade mesophyll
contains chloroplast, where majority of photosynthesis takes place
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guard cell
allow co2 to enter cell for photosythesis
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cuticle
barrier that protects plants
-
angiosperm
has flowers, vascular, monocot, dicot, has seeds
-
gymnosperm
vascular, has seeds
-
seedless vascular plant
vascular, require water for fertilization
-
bryophyte
vascular, require water for fertilization
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