Science.txt

• Voluntary
• Striated
• Over 600 in body

• Involuntary (unconscious control)
• Nonstriated
• Found in internal organs where there is movement (wall of digestive organs, wall of glands & blood vessels)

• Involuntary
• Striated
• Found in myocardium (middle layer of heart)

• Movement
• Heat production
• Maintain posture
• Protect internal organs

Chemical neurotransmitter released by nerve cell at the end of the axon

The ability to contact ie the muscle shortens & changes its shape

Increase in size due to increased usage

Decrease in size due to lack of use

• Mimic effects of male sex hormone testosterone
• Promote metabolism & stimulate growth
• Promote muscle regeneration & prevent atrophy from disuse after surgery
• Used illegally to enhance athletic performance

• 1. Stretching: promotes flexibility & helps with balance
• 2. Aerobic: improves endurance
• 3. Resistance training: muscles cells increase in size (hypertrophy)

The state of partial contraction of muscles when we are not moving

The movement produced when a muscles shortens and thickens but the muscle tone remains the same ex. lifting weights, walking, running

Involves no shortening or thickening of the muscle but the muscle tone increases ex. pushing hands against a wall

Nerve that causes muscle to contract

Sheet of connective tissue that attach a muscle to bone or to other muscle

The main muscle making the movement

A muscle that helps the prime mover with the movement

The muscle that makes the opposite movement of the prime mover

Little sacs of fluid found near joints for cushioning

Closes eye

Closes mouth

Chewing

Flattens the fleshy part of the cheek, "trumpeters" muscle

2 muscles together flex head forward, 1 alone rotates the head

• Extends the head, then may hyperextend the head
• Raises the shoulders, pulls them back, like "standing at attention"

Adducts the upper arm across the chest

Adducts the upper arm behind the back, "swimmer's muscle"

Abducts the upper arm

Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint

Extends the forearm at the elbow joint

Flexes forward at the waist, the "6 pack"

Twisting motions at the waist

• Flexes the upper leg at the hip joint
• Extends the lower leg at the knee joint

Extends the upper leg at the hip joint

Abducts the upper leg at the hip joint

Flexes the lower leg at the knee joint

Extends the foot at the ankle joint, plantar flexes "gas pedal motion"

Flexes the foot at the ankle joint, dorsiflexes (pulling toe toward face)

• 1. Gluteus medius or ventral gluteal muscle
• 2. Deltoid of lateral shoulder muscle
• 3. Vastus lateralis or lateral thigh muscle
• 4. Rectus femoris or anterior thigh muscle

Filaments -> fibrils -> muscle fiber