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Delegate
a representative who votes according to the preference of his or her constituency
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Advice and consent
presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
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Inherent powers
powers claimed by a president that are not expressed in the constitution
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Cloture
a ruling allowing a majority of 2/3 or 3/5 of the members of a legislative body to set a time limit on debate over a given bill
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Incumbent
holding a political office for which one is running
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Redistricting
the process of redrawing districts and redistributing legislative representatives
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Bureaucracy
- The complex structure of offices, tasks, rules and principles of organization that are employed by all large-scale institutions to coordinate the work of their
- personnel.
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Apportionment
the process occurring after every decennial census (10 years), that allocates congressional seats among the fifty states
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Filibuster
- a tactic used by members of the senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority
- backs down. Senate has unlimited time to speak on the floor, takes a 3/5 vote of the senate to end a filibuster.
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Oversight
the effort by congress, through hearings, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies
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Trustee
a representative who votes based on what he or she thinks is best for his or her constituency
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Logrolling
a legislative practice whereby agreements are made between legislators in voting for or against a bill; vote trading
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Gerrymandering
manipulating of electoral districts to serve the interests of a particular group
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