IDPSYCH_Test 2

Repetitive behavior people direct toward themselves that result in tissue damage.

List a few major topographies of Self-injurious behavior (SIB): ie. head banging .....

Related to ID, there are two distinct patterns of self-injury: what are they based on, and what are the durations?

Are suicide, accidental harm, stereotypy, and primitive reflexes associated with SIB?

trauma, infection, disfigurement, and death are consequences of what?

disruption of care giving, exclusion, social isolation, and institutionalization are social consequences of what?

Rhythemic behavior is common; while SIB is uncommon, and generally is absent by age ___

The prevelance of SIB in ID populations is __-___%

Prevelance of SIB increases with two things:

Severe self injury is usually characterized by two things:

____ is the most effective form of differential reinforcement for SIB.

_______ may be necessary when SIB is chronic and severe, has not responded to less restricitve techniques, has multiple functions, is generalized across settings, and is life threatening.

SIB is commonly co-morbid with what 3 things?

failure to follow requests, rule violations, temper tantrums, argumentiveness, and stubborness (Know the difference between them) are forms of ___________

___________ is the failure to behave as requested by others and/or as expected by societal standards.

noncompliance is more associated with "do" or "don't" requests?

low reinforcement associated with compliance/task, complex or indirect instructions, and inattention are reasons for what with ID populations?

gain attention, clear & direct "do" instructions, increase rate of reinforcement, reduce task aversiveness, prevent escape, use response cost, and minimize reinforcement for disobediance. These are treatments for what?

_____ is intended infliction of harm or injury upon another person.

The prevelance of aggression in ID population is __-__%

In this, prevelance is higher in males, young adults and adolescents, and the institutionalized. the greater the severity of ID, the greater likelihood of this:

__________: aggression resulting from reflexive reaction to pain

________: aggression related to hormonal or chemical changes in an organism

The classical conditioning models of aggression are: (3)

all functions of behavior (tangible, attention, escape). Also, cultural significance in understanding social norms of agression. ( contact sports, violent video games, media). = ...

____________ is the use of aversive stimuli by one person in response to the behavior of another person that serves some function (ie. escape, tangibles(?) attention, and during extinction bursts) in aquiring reinforcement.

_________ aggression is an important mode of social learning and is more likely to be imitated when the model controls reinforcement availability (such as a parent).

Treatment for ________ includes: comprehensive Tx packages based on functional analysis (antecedent management, Differential Reinforcement =DRA/DRFE best-- teach appropriate alternate skills, and punishment).

Time-out can be a good punisher for aggression, UNLESS...

the likely course / prognosis for aggression Tx is good, but Low/high intensity, severe/injurious AND when treatment is inconsistant = poor outcome

AKA self-stimulatory behavior

highly repetitive rhythemic motor activities that are topographically invariant and appear to have no adaptive function.

Name some stereotypies: (ie. body-rocking)........

Diagnosis for a stereotypy: (4 criteria)

How does a stereotypy differ from SIB?

how does stereotypy differ from tics? dyskinesia (fragmented motor movement)? OCD?

There are reprecussions of stereotypies. (2)

True/False: Stereotypy can be shaped into SIB?
True False

Prevelance of stereotypy in ID is 6%. It is more prevelant in which types of ID?

an organism seeks an optimal level of arousal and engages in stereotypy for negative and positive reinforcement and stimulation: Theory of___________

Tx for ______ include teaching alternate behavior, change aversive stimuli, increase activities with low rates of stereotypy, and intersperce activities associated with high and low rates

Tx for ___________ include teach alternate behavior and use differential reinforcement.

Tx for ______ include exercise, enriched environments, and instructional methods with high rates of (appropriate) response.

Tx effects not long lasting, other maladaptive behavior may increase, do not teach alternate behavior, low social validity = problems with using ___________.

Use of punishment should be usually only when less restrictive Tx has failed, and ...

True/false It is easy to eliminate a stereotypy
True False

___________ is gross motor behavior that occurs at high rates.

Types of _________ are fidgetiness, out-of-seat, and away-from-seat behavior. (know the differences).

EMB differs from stereotypy because it has ____ rates of topographical changes and are gross motor movements across _____ spaces

disrupted learning, elopement leading to serious risk, restricted environments, large consumption of time/effort of care givers, and increased chance for abuse are the effects of ___________ on ID populations.

what is the prevelance of EMB among ID populations?

The etiology (study of causation) of EMB can be either ________: medication side effects, illness, biological features of a psychiatric D/O.
OR
________: (tangibles (things perceptible by touch), attention, escape, or sensory reinforcement).

Tx for Excessive Motor Behavior includes: (2)

In EMB: when treating fidgetiness and out-of-seat behavior use:

In EMB: when treating away-from-seat behavior, use.....

the persistant and excessive swallowing of air.

Signs of ______ include abdominal distension, excessive flatulence, frequent belching.

The BEST method(s) for diagnosing aerophagia:

Measurements of aerophagia include: (3) things

Effects of ________ include unecessary surgery and medication, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, constipation, anorexia, GI damage, (rarely) death.

Etiology (study of causation) of aerophagia is unclear, but common predispositions include:(these are physiological)

True/ False: aerophagia conditioning is not related to environmental variables
True False

Treatment for acute aerophagia:

Treatment for chronic aerophagia:

Chronic aerophagia is resistant to punishment and reinforcement. Response blocking, positive practice overcorrection, and DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior) have a __________ effect.

________________ is the loss of opportunity to earn positive reinforcement or the loss of access to positive reinforcement for a specific period of time contingent upon the occurrence of a specific behavior.

________ can be inappropriate for individuals who engage in stereotypy or escape motivated behaviors.

forms of _________ include planned ignoring, withdrawal of specific Reinforcement, contingent observation and using a time-out ribbon.

An appropriate time-out area should have these things: (5)

For time-out to be effective, time-in must be......

The rule of thumb for length of time out is......

A(n) ____________ is a specified set of conditions that must be met for time-out to end.

__________ can be effective for training and trouble shooting the time-out procedure.

There are a few potential problems with time-out: (3)

__________________ is the loss of a specified quantity of positive reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of a specified behavior.

Response cost can be a loss of ____, ____ ,or _____.

A __________ is more effective when used in conjunction with a token economy.

Benefits of response cost: it is discrete and nondisruptive, ........ (2 more)

Cautions of response cost: always have a "__________" reinforcement and do not gradually ___________ cost.