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Coitus Interruptus
- - Pull out method
- - Least effective
- - Last resort contraception
- - Does not protect against STD's or HIV
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Fertility Awareness Methods
- - Also called natural family planning
- - FAM's
- - Periodic abstinence
- - Only contraception approved by Catholic faith
- - 3 phases of planning
- - Ovulation can be unpredictable
- - Use of charts, records, calculations, tools, observations and abstinence or barrier methods of birth controlduring fertil periods
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The 3 phases of FAM's
- 1. Infertile phase: Before ovulation
- 2. Fertile phase: about 5 to 7 days around the middle of the cycle, including several days before and during ovulation and the day after.
- 3. Infertile phase: after ovulation
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Factors affecting method contraceptive effectiveness.
- Frequency of intercourse
- motivation to prevent pregnancy
- Understanding of how to use the method
- Adherence to method
- Provision of short-term or long-term protection
- Likelihood of pregnancy for the individual woman
- Consistent use of method
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Potential pitfalls of using fertility awareness methods of contraception.
- Restriction on sexual spontaneity
- Rigorous daily monitoring
- Required training
- Risk of pregnancy during prolonged training period
- Risk of pregnancy high on unsafe days
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Calendar Rhythm Method
Fertility period is determined after accurately recording the lengths of menstrual cycles for at least 6 months. Subtract 18 from the shortest cylce and 11 from the longest cycle to figure fertile days.
- Shortest cycle: 24 - 18 = 6th day
- Longest cycle: 30 - 11 = 19th day
Abstinence of sex for day 6 to day 19.
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Standard Days Method
- Modified form of the calendar rhythm method that has a fixed number of days of fertility for each cycle (8 to 19 days).
- Cycle beads are used to track fertility.
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What are the 2 calendar-based methods?
- Calendar Rhythm Method
- Standard Days Method
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Symptoms-Based Methods
- Two Day Method
- Ovulation Method
- Basal Body Temperature Method
- Symptothermal Method
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Two Day Method
- Method used tracking cervial secretions
- Asks self 2 questions-
- "Did I note secretions today?"
- "Did I note secretions yesterday?"
- If yes, avoid sex
- If no, safe to have sex
- Easiest method to use
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Ovulation Method
- Billings Method
- Creighton Model Ovulation Method
- Highly accurate if done correctly
- Requires recognizing and interpreting the cyclic changes in the amount and consistency of cervical mucus that characterize her own unique pattern of changes.
- Requires women checking quantity and character of mucus on the vulva or introitus with fingers or tissue paper each day for several months to learn the cycle.
- Intercourse considered safe without restriction beginning the fourth day after the last day of wet, clear, slippery mucus (postovulation).
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Why is cervical mucus necessary?
- Viability and motility of sperm
- Alters pH environment
- Neutralizes acidity
- Makes it more compatible for sperm survival
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How can you unsure accurate assessment of changes in the ovulation method?
- Make sure mucus is free of semen, contraceptive gels, foams, blood or discharge from vaginal infections for at least one full cycle.
- Also avoid douches, vaginal deodorants and being sexually aroused states because it thins the mucus.
- Medications like antihistamines can dry up mucus.
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What other purposes would the ovulation method be helpful with?
- To alert the couple to the reestablishment of ovulation while breastfeeding and after discontinuation of oral contraception.
- To note anovulatory cycles at any time and at the commencement of menopause.
- To assist couples in planning a pregnancy
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What is basal body temperature?
The lowest body temperature of a healthy person.
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When does the temperature need to be taken for accurate BBT?
Immediately after waking and before getting out of bed.
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What is the BBT during menses? How long does it last?
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Basal Body Temperature Method
- Slight decrease in temp at ovulation
- Does not occur on all women
- After ovulation BBT increases slightly
- Remains on an elevated plateau until 2 to 4 days before menstruation
- Decreased to the low levels recorded during the previous cycle unless pregnant
- If pregnancy occurs temp remains elevated
- Not a reliable method alone of predicting ovulation
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How do you know the fertile days with BBT method?
The day of the first temperature drop or first elevation through 3 consecutive days of elevated temperature.
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When does abstinence begin with BBT method?
the first day of menstrual bleeding and lasts through 3 consecutive days of sustained temperature rise.
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Thermal Shift
Decrease and subsequent increase in temperature.
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Factors that can affect BBT
- Infection
- Fatigue
- Anxiety
- Less than 3 hours of sleep per night
- Awakening late
- Jet lag
- Alcohol
- Antipyretic medications taken in the evening
- Sleeping in a heated waterbed
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