-
What is included in your Central nervous system?
- - Brain
- - Spinal cord (down to L3 and L4)
-
What is included in your peripheral nervous system?
- - voluntary
- - involuntary
- - motor
- - sensory
-
How would you know if you are using your parasympathetic Nervous system?
- it is a relax response (either
-
What locations do you have to know about the brain?
- Frontal lobe - frontal bone
- temporal lobe - temporal bone
- occipital lobe - occipital bone
- parietal lobe - parietal bone
-
How does a signal get passed through the body?
- From Axon sends a chemical through the (Synapse) empty space which helps pass the signal to the reciever (dendrites)
- - some Axons have a milonated sheeth on them so the signal can be passed faster through the body.
-
Whats in your cranium?
- - Brain
- - CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)
- - Blood vessels
-
What is ICP?
Intracranial pressure (pressure of brain and its contents on the skull
-
What is CPP?
- Pressure required to profuse brain
-
Why must CPP be higher than ICP
- so blood may profuse the whole brain
-
True or False: Hypotension is not an issue when you have ICP increase?
- False: if ICP is up and blood vessels relax, there is not enough pressure to profuse the brain (CPP)
-
If you have hypotension and ICP increase what do you do?
Hyperventilate the patient so EtCO2 decreases, blood vessels restrict, this reduces ICP
-
Head Trauma: What is it called when the skull is compermised and you can see the brain?
- Open
-
Head Trauma: What is it called when the skull is not compermised and you can not see the brain?
- Closed
-
What is a liniar head fracture?
crack in the skull that is not displaced
-
What is a decompressed head fracture?
a cracked section that is depressing onto the brain
-
What is a head compound fracture?
An open fracture where the skull is compermised and you can see the brain
-
What are battle signs?
Brusing behind the ears. Sign of head trauma and bleeding.
-
What are raccoon eyes?
Immidiate Black eyes. Sign of head trauma and bleeding.
-
What is the secondary injury when you have a brain injury?
Hypoxia and decreased perfusion.
-
What are some signs and symptoms of a concussion?
- - sometimes no visible trauma
- - retrograde short term amnesia
- - dizziness, headache, ringing in ears, nausea
-
What are some signs and symptoms of a cerebral contusion?
- - Altered LOC
- - confusion
- - personality changes
- - focal neurological signs
-
Acute Epidural Hematoma
- - Arterial bleed
- - initial LOC
- symptoms - one dialated fixed pupil, increased ICP, uncoscious, paralysis, death
-
Acute Subdural Hematoma
- - venous bleed
- - Altered LOC
- - Headache
- - Focal neurologic signs
- HIGH RISK: Alcoholics, elderly, ppl on blood thinners
-
Cerebral Hemorrage
- - Arterial or venus
- - Altered LOC
- Symptoms - Headache, vomiting, pattern similar to stroke
-
A reduced LOC is normally a great indicator for:
A brain injury and increased ICP
-
When a brain injury is suspected, what should you have ready?
-
What is wrong if both eyes are swollen and not reactive?
- Brain is very swollen
-
What is wrong if both eyes are unilaterally dialated and reactive?
- increasing ICP
-
What is wrong if you have altered LOC and both eyes are unilaterally dialated and non reactive?
- increased ICP
-
What is wrong if you have normal LOC and both eyes are unilaterally dialated and non reactive?
- not a brain injury
-
Subarachnoid Space
- between brain and dura mater
-
Epidural
- Between skull and dura mater
-
Subdural
- Between dura mater and arachnoid
-
Intracerebral
- inside the brain matter
-
Decorticate posture
- - arms flexed posture
- - GCS of 3
-
Decrebrate posture
- - arms extended posture
- - GCS of 2
-
Increasing pulse, ~ resps and decreasing pulse means?
- - Cerebral Herniation Syndrome
- - herniation outweighs hypoxia
- - must hyperventilate to restrict vessels in brain and give space to swell
- - (AND GET TO HOSPITAL QUICK)
-
You must hyperventilate in what circumstances?
- - TBI, GCS<9, decerebrate posture
- - TBI, GCS<9, dialated or non reactive pupils
- - TBI, GCS<9, then drops another 2 points
- **If these symptoms resolve themselves, stop hyperventilating**
-
What are a few signs and symptoms of a spinal injury?
- - neck and pack pain
- - guarding (not moving)
- - numbness and tingleing
- - PMS check
- - Priaprism
- - neurogenic shock
- - loss of bowels and bladder control
- - deformity
-
What must you always watch when putting a patient on a backboard?
- - vomiting.
- - tilt board on its side so they do not choke and aspirate their own puke
-
Emergency rescue
- - Pull the patient to safety by any means possible to safe their life
- - seconds to get oout
- - c spine is not a factor
-
Rapid extraction
- - you have a little longer time to place c-collar and put on backboard quickly then move to safety.
- - 1-2 mins
-
Subarachnoid Space
- between brain and dura mater
-
Epidural
- Between skull and dura mater
-
Subdural
- Between dura mater and arachnoid
-
Intracerebral
- inside the brain matter
-
Decorticate posture
- - arms flexed posture
- - GCS of 3
-
Decrebrate posture
- - arms extended posture
- - GCS of 2
|
|
