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alveolar ducts
connecting passages between brochioles and alveolar sac
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alveolus, alveoli
air cell of lungs (plural)
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arytenoid cartilege
one of paired laryngeal cartilages that provides attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct the vocal cord
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bronchus, bronchi
branch of trachea going to each lobe of lung (plural)
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bronchial tree
trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
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bronchiole, bronchioli
small branch of secondary bronchus (plural)
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carbon dioxide (CO2)
odorless, colorless gas formed in tissues as waste product and expelled by lungs
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cilium, cilia
tiny, hairlike process on epithelial tissue that filters out foreign matter
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complemental air
inspiratory reserve volume
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cricoid cartilege
cartilage of larynx
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diaphragm
musculomembranous partition that separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
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ductus arteriosus
fetal blood channel from pulmonary artery to aorta
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epiglottis
leaf-shaped, lidlike cartilaginous strucure covers entrance to larynx
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ethmoid sinus
air spaces in ethmoid bone that open into nasal cavity
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expiration, exhalation
breathing out; expelling air from lungs
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expiratory reserve volume, supplemental air
amount of air that can be forcibly expelled beyond that exhaled during ordinary respiration
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frontal sinuses
air spaces in frontal bone communicating with nasal cavity
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glottis
space between true vocal cords, helping to produce vocal sound
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hilus of lung
depression on mediastinal surface of each lung for entry of bronchi, blood vessels and nerves
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inspiration, inhalation
breathing of air into lungs
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inspiratory reserve volume, complemental air
amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled beyond that inhaled during ordinary respiration
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laryngopharynx
the part of pharynx below upper edge of epiglottis, opening into larynx and esophagus (hypopharynx)
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larynx
musculocartilaginous structure at top of trachea and below root of tongue and hyoid bone, housing vocal chords (voice box)
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maxillary sinuses
two air spaces in maxilla, communicating with middle opening of nasal cavity on each side
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mediastinum
space in thorax between two pleural sacs, containing such structures as heart and blood vessels
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minimal volume
air remaining in alveoli of collapsed lung
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mucous membrane
epithelial lining of respiratory tract
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nasal septum
membranous, skeletal partition between nasal cavities
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nasopharynx
the part of pharynx above soft palate of mouth, opening into nose
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obligate nasal breather
able to breathe only through nasal passages (e.g., horses)
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oropharynx
the part of pharynx between soft palate and upper edge of epiglottis
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oxygen (O2)
element in air necessary for life, used by all cells of body
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parietal pleura
lining of thoracic cavity
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pharynx
airway between nasal chambers, mouth, and larynx; also passageway for food
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phrenic nerve
nerve of diaphragm
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pleura
serous membrane encasing lungs, lining thoracic cavity, and enclosing pleural cavity (potential space)
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pleural cavity
potential space between parietal and visceral layers of pleura
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residual volume
air remaining in lungs after forced expiration
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respiration
process involving inspiration and expiration, distribution of oxygen to cells of body, and removal of carbon dioxide from these cells
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retropharynx
back part of pharynx
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sphenoid sinuses
spaces in sphenoid bone, opening to nasal cavity
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supplemental air
expiratory reserve volume
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tidal volume
air inhaled in ordinary respiration
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trachea
cartilaginous, muscular tube, extending from larynx to bronchi (windpipe)
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tracheal rings
horseshoe-shaped rings of cartilage embedded in muscle tissue of trachea
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turbinates
papery, scroll-like bones that support mucous membranes of nose
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vagus nerve
nerve extending from brain to pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abominal viscera (vagus means wandering)
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vestibule
front part of nostrils and nasal cavity
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visceral pleura
serous sac covering lungs
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vital capacity
largest amount of air that can be moved in and out of lungs; sum total of inspiratory and tidal air
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vocal cords
two pairs of membranous bands in larynx
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