MT Exam #3 - Ch. 9

structure that produces movement in the body

sytem that provides movement for the body in conjunction with support from the bone.

group of skeletal muscles in one body part or the muscles in the body as a whole

the only type of muscle in the body under voluntary control. Move bone. contract and relax in response to conscious thought.

flat, wide, white sheet of fibrous connective tissue that attaches as a muscle to a bnoe or other structure

area of greatest mass, usually hte center of the muscle midway between teh origin and insertion

sac of synovial membrane that contains synoival fluid. decreases friction where a tendon rubs against a bone near a synovial joint.

thin connective tissue sheet around each muscle fascicle and around the muscle itself. merges to become part of the tendon

where the tendon of a muscle ends on a bone that moves as the muscle contracts or relaxes

where the tendon of a muscle begins and is attached to a stationary or nearly stationary bone

thin, nearly translucent band of fibrous tissue and fascia that holds down tendons that cross the wrist and ankle

cordlike white band of nonelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

moving a body part away from the midline.

muscle that produces abdution when it contracts (moves insertion away from midline)

moving a body part toward the midline.

muscle that produces adduction when it contracts (moves insertion towards the midline)

turning a body part outward and toward the side.

muscle that produces eversion when it contracts (moves insertion outward and toward the side)

straightening and extending a joint to incease the angle between two bones or two body parts.

muscle that produces extension when it contracts (straightens and extends joint to increase angle between two bones or two body parts)

bending of a joint to decrease the angle b/t two bones or two body parts.

muscle that produces flextion when it contracts (decreases angle between 2 bones or 2 body parts)

turning a body part inward

muscle that produces inversion when it contracts (turns body part inward)

turning the palm of the hand posteriorly or downward.

muscle that produces pronation when it contracts (turns palm of hand poseriorly or downward)

moving a body part around its axis

muscle that produces rotation when it contracts (moves a body part around its axis)

turning the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward.

muscle that produces supination when it contracts (turns the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward)

muscle at the side of the face that moves the cheek

muscle of the forehead that moves the forehead skin and eyebrows

muscle of the side of the face that moves the mandible upward

muscle aroudn the eye that closes the eyelids

muscle aroudn the mouth that closes the lips

muscle of the neck that moves the mandible down

muscle of the neck that bends teh head toward the sternum (Flexion) and turns the head to either side (rotation).

Origin: at two muscle heads on teh sternum and clavicle

Insertion: at the mastoid process of the temporal bone behind the ear

muscle of the side of the head that moves the mandible upward and backward

muscle of the shoulder that raises the arm and moves the arm away from the body (abduction)

muscles between the ribs that work in pairs to spread the ribs apart during inspiration and move the ribs together during forced expiration, coughing, or sneezing

muscle of the back that moves the arm posteriorly and medially toward the spinal column (adduction)

muscle of the chest that moves the arm anteriorly and medially across the chest (adduction)

muscle of the shoulder that raises the shoulder, pulls the shoulder blades together, and elevates the clavicle. turns the head from side to side (rotation) and moves the head posteriorly (extension)

muscle of the anterior upper arm that bends the upper arm toward the shoulder (flexion) and bends the lower arm towards the upper arm (flexion). one end of the muscle is divided into two heads

muscle of the anterior lower arm that bends the lower arm toward the upper arm (flexion)

muscle that extends the fingers or toes

group of muscles in the hand that bends the thumb (flexion) and moves it toward the palm (adduction)

muscle of the posterior upper arm that straightens the lower arm (extension). one end is divided into three heads.

muscle of the abdomen that bends the upper body forward (Flexion), rotates the side of the body medially, and compresses the sides of the abdominal wall.

lies directly below the external abdominal oblique muscle and performs the same movements (flexion ofupper body forward, rotates the side body medially, and compresses the side of the abdominal wall) but its muscle fibers are oriented in the opposite direction

muscle of the abdomen that bends the upper body forward (flexion) and compesses the anterior abdominal wall

one of the hamstring muscles.

muscle of the posterior upper leg that moves the upper leg posteriorly (extension) and bends the lower leg toward the buttocks (flexion). one end of the muscle is divided into two heads

muscle that flexes the big toe (hallux)

muscle of the posterior lower leg that bends the foot downward (plantar flexion) and lets you stand on tiptoe

muscle of the buttocks that moves the upper leg posteriorly and rotates it laterally

group of muscles in the posterior aspect of the upper leg that moves the upper leg posteriorly and bends the lower leg toward the buttocks (flexion). includes the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles

muscle of the lateral lower leg that raises the lateral edge of the foot (eversion) and bends the foot downward (plantar flexion)

group of muscles in the anterior and lateral upper leg that straightens the lower leg (extension). Includes the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles.

one of the quadricep muscles

muscle of the anterior upper leg that bends the upper leg toward the abdomen (flexion) and straightens the lower leg (extension)

muscle fo the anterior upper leg that bends the upper leg toward the abdomen (flexion) and rotates it laterally

One of the hamstrings.

muscle of the posterior upper leg that moves the upper leg posteriorly (extension), bends the lower leg toward the buttocks (flexion), and rotates the leg medially.

One of the hamstrings.

muscle of the posterior upper leg that moves the upper leg posteriorly (extension), bends the lower leg toward the buttocks (flexion), and rotates the leg medially.

muscle of the anterior lower leg that bends the foot up toward the leg (dorsiflexion)

one of the quadricep muscles

muscle of the anterior upper leg that bends the upper leg toward the abdomen (Flexion) and straightens the lower leg (extension).

one of the quadricep muscles

muscle of the anterior upper leg that bends the upper leg toward the abdomen (Flexion) and straightens the lower leg (extension).

neurotransmitter that initiates a muscle contraction

shortening of the length of all the muscle fibers and of the muscle itself; the opposite of relaxation

a bundle composed of many muscle fibers, surrounded by fascia. many fascicles grouped together form a muscle

an increase in the size of a muscle

one muscle cell. so names because it stretches over a long distance

section of a muscle fiber that contains thin strands (actin) and thick strands (myosin) that give it its characteristic striated appearance under a microscope.

thin strand in a myofibril

thick strand in a myofibril

area on a single muscle fiber where a nearve cell connects to it

chemical messenger between a nerve cell and a muscle fiber.

loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles, caused by lack of use or malnutrition. can occur in any part of the body that is paralyzed b/c the muscles receive no electrical impulses from the nerves. (muscle wasting)

condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone.

treatment: surgical repair (myorrhaphy or tenorrhaphy)

result of severe blunt or crushign injury that causes bleedign in the muscles of the leg; the fascia act as a compartment, holding the accumulating blood. increased pressure causes nerve damage & death.

treatment: fasciotomy to allow the blood and fluid to drain out

inactivity or paralysis coupled w continuing nerve impulses that can cause an arm or leg muscle to become progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immoveable.

treatment: muscle relaxant drugs, ROM exercises

pain located at specific trigger points in the muscles of neck, back or hips - tender to touch and feel firm. cause not known, but may be related to an overreaction to painful stimuli w a possible history of prior injury or genetic predisposition. associated w/ disturbed sleep patters and maybe depression.

treatmnet: analgesic drugs, muscle relaxant drugs, massage, and trigger pt injections w a local anesthetic

injury occuring during a car accident as person's head snaps forward then back - causes muscle strain or tear, as well as damage to nerves.

AKA acceleration-deceleration injury or whiplash

treatment: soft cervical collar to support the neck, rest, analgesic drugs, nonsteroidal antiinflam drugs

condition in which blunt trauma causes some bleeding in the muscle but doesn't break skin (bruise)

treatment: analgesic drugs

painful but temp condition w sudden, severe, involuntary and prolonged contraction of a muscle, often legs. can be brought on by overexercise (muscle cramp)

treatment: massage, muscle relaxant drugs, analgesic drugs

painful spasm of the muscles on one side of the neck (wryneck)

treatment: massage, muscle relaxant drugs, analgesic drugs

overstretching of a muscle, often due to physical overexertion. causes inflammation, pain, swelling, and bruising as capillaries in the muscle tear (aka pulled muscle)

treatment: rest, analgesic drugs, nonsteroidal anti inflam

genetic inherited disease due to a mutation of hte gene that makes the muscle protein dystrophin. muscles weaken, then atrophy w/out dystrophin. begins in early childhood w weakness in lower extremeties, then upper. weakness of the diaphragm w an inability to beathe is most frequent cause of death. treatment; supportive care

most severe form of muscular dystrophy (and most common)

milder form of muscular dystrophy.

pain in one or more muscles due to injury or muscle disease

pain in several muscle groups due to injury or muscle disease

abnormal and rapid fatigue of hte muslces, particular of face, where there is ptosis (drooping) of eyelids. Worsens during day, relieved by rest. body produces antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors on the muscle fibers - destroy many.

treatment: thymectomy to remove thymus; drugs that prolong the action of acetylcholine. plasmapheresis to remove antibodies from blood

category that includes many diff diseases of the muscles

inflammation of a muscle w localized swelling and tenderness, can be caused by injury or strain

treatment: analgesic drugs, nonsteroidal antiinflam, corticosteroid drugs

chronic, progressive disease that causes widespread inflammation of muscles w weakness fatigue. unknown cause, may be autoimmune

treatment: analgesic drugs, nonsteroidal antiinflam, corticosteroid drugs

causes skin rash as well as muscle weakness and inflammation.

treatment: analgesic drugs, nonsteroidal antiinflam, corticosteroid drugs

condition affecting muscles, tendons and sometimes nerves as a result of trauma caused by repetitious movements over an extended period of time. cumulative trauma disorder (CTD)

includes tennis elbow, carpal tunnel and others

treatment: rest, analgesic drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflamm

benign tumor that arises from muscle

treatment: surgical excision

cancerous tumor that arises from muscle. the malignancy usually occurs in children and young adults.

treatment: surgical excision, chemo and radiation therapy

tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the head of the humerus. these muscles help to abduct the arm. can result from acute trauma or repetitive overuse, particularly involving motions n which the arm is above the head.

treatment: surgical repair

as each muscle fiber dies, its stored Ca is released and this cuses the muscle fiber, then each muschle, to contract. remain contracted for about 72 hrs until fibers begin to decompose. (postmortem rigidity)

incoordination of muscles during movement, particularly of the gait. caused by diseases of the brain or spinal cord, cerebral palsy, or an adverse rxn to a drug. (patient is ataxic)

treatment: correct underlying; leg braces or crutches if needed.

abnormally slow muscle movements or a decrease in # of spontaneous muscle movements. usually assoc w parkinson's

treatment: drugs for parkinson's

abnormal motions that occur bc of difficulty controlling the voluntary muscles. attempts at movement become tics, muscle spasms, muscle jerking (myoclonus), or slow, wandering, purposeless writhing of the hand (athetoid movements) in which some muscles of the fingers are assoc w neurological disorders.

muscle jerking assoc w dyskinesia

purposeless writhing of the hand in which some muscles of the fingers are flexed and others are extended

abnormally increased amt of muscle movements. restlessness. can be a side affect of some drugs

uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles ofthe legs, particularly calf muscles, alogn w an indescribable tingling, aching or crawling-insect sensation. usually occurs at night, can interfere w sleep. exact cause unknown.

treatment: requip, which stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain. tranqs may be of some help

small, involuntary, sometimes jerky, back and forth movements of the hands, neck, jaw or extremities. continuous and cannot be controlled by the patient. usually assoc w essential familial tremor, and inherited condition

treatment: beta-blocker drugs