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morphology
the study of internal structure of words
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morpheme
- the smallest unit of meaning
- either free or bound
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free morpheme
- units of words that can stand alone as a word
- dog
- cat
- albatross
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bound morpheme
- units of words that must attach to another morpheme to make a word
- un + do = undo
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Stem
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- a morpheme that can stand alone
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- the core meaning of a word
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- eg – bread, book, school
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Affix
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- must be added to a stem to make a word
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Prefix
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- a morpheme attached to the front of a stem word
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Suffix
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- a morpheme attached to the end of a stem word
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Derivational
morphemes
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- morphemes that changes the class of an existing word
- -
- joy (noun) + ful (derivational morpheme) = joyful
- (adjective)
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Inflectional
morphemes
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- morphemes that give grammatical information
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- AKA grammatical morphemes
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- Walk (present) + ed (inflectional morpheme) = walked
- (past tense)
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- Cat (singular) + s (inflectional morpheme) = cats
- (plural)
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