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Phoneme
- the smallest unit of sound
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IPA
- -
- International Phonetic Alphabet, standardization
- representation for the sounds of spoken language
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Diphthongs
- -
- two vowels in a syllable (eye, hay, boy, low)
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Prosodic
features
- -
- features of speech apart from the words (pitch, HRT,
- intonation, stress)
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Stress
- -
- emphasis placed on a particular syllable or a part of
- a word as it is pronounced. (photograph, photography, photographic) (I never
- said that)
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Pitch
- -
- level of sound placed on a scale from low to high.
- Stressed words/syllables will have a higher pitch. (also, ‘what?!’ and ‘what’s
- the time?’
- -
- All verbal
- languages use pitch to express emotional information
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reduction
- are softly sounded phonemes
- salt'n'pepper
- lock'n'key
- weekgend
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elision
- ommission of one or more sounds
- temprture
- spose
- vegtable
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coalescents
- assimilations of usually /t/ and /d/ sounds
- didzu
- chewday
- dew
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intonation
pattern of changes in pitch (together with stress, conveys information about the message,whether it is sarcastic or serious, patient or exasperate) (no intonation =monotone)
-
liaison
- when glottal stops are not inserted at the beginning of words
- we ran out of eggs
- becomes we ran nout tof veggs
-
HRT
- High pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical
- meaning
- eg - asking a quesiton
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