HIST 1025 Exam 1

when: 1893

what: womens protest against alc

where: ohio

sig: lead to 18th ammendment (prohibition

when: 1919

what: established prohibition

• sig: only ammendment ever repealed... (done by 21st)
• crime and corruption increased

when: 1924 -- ran for president

where: Wisconsin

what: govenor of Wisconsin, who opponent against railroads, trusts, and corporations

Sig:

Opposed RR tax

• Impose income tax on the wealthiest
• people

• Public utilities commission… the
• state sets the rates on utilities

Established workers comp

when: early 20th century

what: a protestant christian movement for improvement in living and work conditions

sig: fought against long labor hours for steel workers, children, and mothers

what: 26th president... was a trust buster but he was pro business... he was ok with mergers and trusts, but not bad mergers and trusts

• sig:
• Ways he monitored the monopolies and trusts

• --Minors
• strike and square deal
• ---Northern Securities case
• --Prevented JP Morgan from creating a massive
• railroad trust
• --Broke upTobacco Trust
• --Reinvented
• the ICC… appointed ppl and made companies show their monetary statements and
• show how they made their money
• --Hepburn
• Act

when: in office 1901-1909

• what: Teddy Roosevelt's plan in creating COMPROMISE with the minors strike vs George Baer
• -- workers receive a 10% pay raise... not 20%
• -- Work day cut to 9 hrs... not 8

when: 1902

sig: ended energy crisis... = the coal minors strike

who: 28th president and leader of progressive movement

when- in office 1913-1921

• sig: created major acts:
• - Fed reserve act
• - anti trust act
• - fed trade commission act
• - graduated income tax

who: Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy

when: 1913

what: 3 reforms, Tarriff, business, and banking

Sig: the following acts created under this campaign

• - Underwood Tarriff act -- lowered tarriffs
• - Fed Trade Act -- halt unfair and illegal business practices
• - Fed Reserve system created

• what: mine workers striked b/c they wanted
• -- shorter work hours (8 instead of 10)
• -- pay raise of 20% (only received 10)

when: 1902

where: colorado

sig: it was solved by the square deal

when: 1906

what: gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set max railroad rates

sig: one of teddy's acts of regulation

who: advocate for forests and gov of Penn

when: gov of Penn from1923-1927

sig: motivated people to be conservationists...

who: Scottish-born American naturalist and author

what: created the Sierra Club (a conservation group)

sig: saved the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park and other wilderness areas

who: 27th president

when: 1909-1913

• what: Taft's domestic agenda emphasized
• -trust-busting
• - civil service reform
• - improving of the postal service

sig: 16th ammendment and carried out dollar dimplomacy after teddy created it

16th ammendment = allowing income tax

dollar diplomacy = to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries

what: Teddy Roosevelt's Progressive political philosophy during the 1912 election

when: 1912

• sig: created a few things
• - inheritance tax
• - women vote
• - direct election
• - worker protection

who: 4 way race

• Taft = republican
• Teddy = bull moose party... created this b/c did not receive republican nomination
• Debs = socialist party, railroad strike
• Wilson = democrat

• Winner = Wilson
• 2nd = Teddy

sig: Wilson = the only democratic president from 1892 and 1932

what: created income tax

who: Woodrow Wilson under

sig: the gov’t didn’t rely on tarriffs for revenue to the treasury anymore… it relied on income tax

what: oversees the economy to ensure fairness

when: 1914

sig: it prevented monopolies... the companies would receive a warning. if they did not comply, the companies would be taken court

what: made monopolies illegal

when:

diff btw sherman act: the clayton exempted workers and unions... the sherman did not make these exempt

sig: Wilson said workers and unions are exmpt from this act

when: 1898

• what / causes / motivations
• - mysterious sinking of the Maine
• - brutality by the Spanish on the Cubans
• - US investment in sugar in Cuba
• -protection of railroads
• -uniting of a country

sig: this was an attempt to unite the US... he said "wars unite all of the political parties"

when: 1904

what: "speak softly, but carry a big stick"... meaning speak softly-- be diplomatic.... but if you do not do what we want the US will use its army

sig: this created the Platt Ammendment. This says the US has the right to intervene in Cuba if:

• - another power attempted to take Cuba over
• - Cuba was having economic problems

OTHER SIG = platt ammendment allowed US to take over cuba given the circumstances... however under TELLER AMMENDMENT US could not take over Cuba at all

when:

what: Taft's diplomacy for Asia and Latin Americ... guaranteed loans made to foreign countries

sig- used to benefit the bankers and businessmen in US

what: 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand

sig: this idea led to taking over Indian lands and taking the philipinnes

when: 1899

what: a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling

sig: reflects American colonisation of the Philippines

what: only queen of Hawaii

when: 1893... the US took over Hawaii

sig: she was queen when US took over

when: 1823

what: if Euro countries attempted take over countries in the Americas, the US would interfere

sig: issued when many Latin American countries were becoming independent from the Spanish Empire... prevented countries from taking over Latin America

who: historian who said countries with greater naval power will have greater worldwide impact

sig: countries began to start building their navies

when: 1899

what: policy allows all nations to trade in the Chinese market

sig: protected US business men who had investmets in China... if other countries had taking over trading ports, investors would be hurt

when: 1890's

what: propaganda printed in newspapers

sig: used to fuel the Spanish American war

when: 1898

what: a boat that mysteriously sank on its way to Cuba

sig: fueled Spanish American War... Mckinlly blamed Spanish for sinking the Maine

when: 1868

what: amendment saying that US could not take over Cuba

sig: Platt amendment changed this policy in 1901... platt amendment said US could take over Cuba if other countries attempted to take it or if Cuba was having economic problems

when: 1899-1902

what: war btw US and people in Philippines over control

sig:

when: 1901

• what: said that US could not go into Cuba unless:
• - another country attempted to take over Cuba
• - Cuba was having economic difficulty

sig: this altered the teller amendment

when: 1904

what: US declared they would not intervene in Latin America as long as nations conducted their affairs with “decency.”

sig:

• - made the US the policeman of the Western Hemisphere
• - made European powers keep out

when: 1902-1914... starting from struggle to open date

what: a canal that linked carribean to pacific... offered columbian gov't $10 mil... they turned down

sig:

• - could double the U.S. navy's power
• - in order to get canal built, Roosevelt had to recognize Columbia as having a gov't

when: 1917... WWI

what: command the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) during WWI

sig: through his victory, he gave progressives confidence

when: 1925

who: the prosecuter in the scopes trial and democratic nominee in 1908 election

sig trial: scopes trial... southern states passed legislation against the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in the public schools

• sig: Bryan lost the scopes trial. the scopes trial revealed the disdain btwn northerners and southerners...
• - educated vs uneducated
• -privledged vs the poor

when: 1917

who: a muckraking journalist, who would create support for WWI by printing propaganda and organizing events where people would talk about their battle success stories

sig: created patriotism and rallied people at home around the troops

when:

who: Republican Senator from Mass who had disagreed with Woodrow Wilson over the signing of the Treaty of Versille and joining the League of Nations

sig: because of his resistance to sign the treaty of versilles, the United States never became a member of the league of nations.

• --If the US had joined, they may have been able to prevent WWII
• -- The league of nations was weakened by the Us not joining

when: 1919... during the red scare (fear of russian spies)

who: a russian radical protestor of womens rights, labor strikes, and birth control

sig: she wadeported during the red scare

when:1917

what: British authorities informed Wilson of a secret telegram sent between German ministers promising that in the event of war between Germany and the United States, Germany would see that Mexico regained its “lost provinces” of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if Mexico would declare war against the United States

Sig: Woodrow Wilson war declared against germany...

when: 1920... end of progressive era

what: one of the last reforms of the progressive era... it banned the sale or consumption of alc

• sig:
• -- Prohibition caused ordinary citizens to disrespect the law, corrupted the police, and demoralized the judiciary (opposite of what it was trying to fix)

-- the only ammendment that was repealed

when: 1869

what: a group demanding the vote for women

sig: eventhough women were not granted the right to vote until 1920, this group signaled a new era in women's fight for the vote and involvment in politics

when: 1920

what: allowed women to vote

sig: this ended the women's suffrage movement

when: 1918

what: it was an act that forbit the use of "disloyal, profane, abusive language" about the United States government

• sig:
• -- it was used to create patriotism
• -- a continuation of the espionage act

when: 1918

• what: Wilsons plan for world peace
• -an end to secret treaties;
• - freedom of the seas;
• - removal of barriers to free trade r
• - allowing the lands conqured by germany the right to govern themselves

sig: established the League of Nations (even though America never joined due to Lodge)

league of nations = a groups of nations that permitted countries from unruley actions against other nations

when:

what: Supreme Court decision that said Schneck was violating the Espionage act by bashing the draft during WWI

sig: limited the freedom of speech guaranteed by the constitution

what: panic was marked by the collapse of railroad system and a failing gold standard which lead to the foreclosure of a large amount of banks

• sig:
• -- lead to massive layoffs and bank foreclosures
• -- lead to a series of strikes including the minors strike and the pullman strike

when: 1894

what: protestors that marched to washington to urge Congress to enact a public works program to end unemployment

sig: although unsuccessful, they demonstrated how ordinary citizens could influence politics in the 1890s outside of the normal voting process

when:1896

what: William Jenning Bryan's speech that advocated bimetallism

bimetallism = deriving the value of dollar based on the supply of gold and the supply of silver

when: 1896 election

who: 25th president... supported the gold standard and high tariffs

sig: led the nation to victory in 100 days in the Spanish American War.


•The mckinely tarriff = the highest tarriff in US history

who: William McKinley (republican) defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan (democrat)

• important issues:
• -- bimetallism
• -- the gold standard
• -- free silver
• -- tariffs
• -- were of primary importance

• who:
• -- Mckinnley wanted gold standard and high tarriffs
• -- Bryan an enemy of gold, banks and railroads... wanted silver

• sig:
• -- up until this election, the whitehouse was dominated by republican, however this was the first election of the democratic era
• -- this led to the begin of the progressive era

when: 1902

what: wrote a book that chronicled the methods Rockefeller had used to take over the oil industry

sig: shaped the public's harsh view of Rockefeller

when: early 20th century

what: novel to portrays the life of the immigrant and the corruption of the American meatpacking industry

sig: enlightened people about the corruption in the meatpacking industry... wage slavery and poor work conditions

when: progressive era

who: she argue that women are the ones who could clean up society and that in order to clean up society women must have the right to vote

sig: big contributor in getting womens vote

when: progressive era

• what: Believed learning facts was pragmatic skills… how to do something,
• not just memorize something. In this class we learn how to analyze things like praiser vs critics...also said that he could shape people into anything just by
• altering the encvironment

• sig: This would lead to schools like
• business schools…

when: early 21st century

who: psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism, after doing research on animal behavior

sig: new way of physcology

when: 1916

who: women quaker protestor who founded the militant National Woman's Party (NWP)

sig: this led to womens right to vote

when: 1915

who: a nurse who had worked among the poor on New York's Lower East Side

sig: first advocator of birth control

when: 1910

what: act that made it illegal to transport women across state lines for “immoral purposes.”

sig: decreased the amunt of red light districts in the US

when:

who: Mayor of Cleveland... Johnson fought for fair taxation and allowed citizens to have a say in legislative and judicial matters

sig: had attempted to build his own streetcar line so working class could afford to get to work

when: early 1900's... progressive era

what: both were fighting for preservation of nature


diff: conservation sought to regulate human use while preservation sought to eliminate human impact altogether

when: 1902

what: war between of Filipino revolutionaries and the United States which arose from the struggle to gain independence following annexation by the United States

sig: ?? that the Phillipines did not win their independence

when: ran for office in 1896, 1900, 1904

• who: Democract
• -- anti gold
• -- anti banks and railroads
• -- pro silver movement
• -- anti darwinism