-
involves the absorption of oxygen from the air by the lungs and the transportation of carbon dioxide from the lungs into the air
external respiration
-
involves the exchanges of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cells of the body
internal repiration
-
filters, cools or warms, and moistens the air we breathe; is essential for our sense of smell
paranasal sinuses
-
four paranasal sinuses
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- maxillary
-
a chnnel with an opening in the sides of the nasal cavity for the passage of air and mucus from the paranasal sinuses
meatus
-
external openings of the nose
nares
-
a wall dividing the nasal cavity into right and left halves
nasal septum
-
a space just inside the opening of the nose
nasal vestibule
-
holes in the nose
nostrils
-
cells that function in the sensation of smell located in the nose
olfactory cells
-
-
airspaces that are near the nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
-
a space connecting the nose and the mouth with the trachea and esophagus
pharynx
-
-
the most prominent cartilage in the larynx
thyroid cartilage
-
"trap door" cartilage of leaf-shaped cartilage that is over the opening of the larynx
epiglottis
-
opening at the upper part of the larynx
glottis
-
boxlike structure in the throat containing the vocal cords which produce the voice
larynx
-
action of passing air through the vocal cords, which vibrates and produces the sound of the voice
phonation
-
tissues in the larynx responsible for the production of the voice
vocal cords
-
largest cartilage in the larynx; "Adam's Apple"; increases in size as boys age causing their voices to change
thyroid cartilage
-
"windpipe" term literarly means "rough"; extends from the larynx to the main -stem bronchus;it functions as a passageway for air so that air can reach the lungs
trachea
-
where do the bronchioles terminate?
alveolar ducts
-
first division of the windpipe; extends from the trachea in a branchlike fashion
main-stem bronchus
-
as the bronchus extends, the diameter decreases. What are the smaller branches called?
bronchioles
-
small saclike cavities that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to take place
alveoli
-
two lightweight organs of respiration; spongy, conical shaped organs composed of a network of pulmonary arteries, veins, alveoli, and connective tissue
lungs
-
the places that house the lungs
pleural spaces
-
the space in the thoracic cavity that houses the heart
mediastinum
-
outside surface of the lung
visceral pleura
-
-
-
the bronchi of each lung supplies air to segments of the lung so that each branch or bronchus has a particular lung space to which it is connected. What are the segments called?
bronchopulmonary segments
-
major divisions of the lungs
lobes
-
each lobe is subdivided into lung sections, each attached to a stem of the bronchus
bronchopulmonary segments
-
-
"lung," "air," or "breath"
pneumo
-
-
space that stands in the middle of the chest between the two lungs
mediastinum
-
hair-like structures in the lungs that move secretions out of the lungs and protect the lung from outside environmental contaminants
cilia
-
viscous thick slippery, secretion of the mucous membranes.
mucus
-
term used for mucus when it contains other components such as cellular debris from the lining of the lung, microorganisms, outisde pollutants, etc.
sputum
-
general term meaning "side" It is the membrane that covers the surfaces of the lungs and lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
pleura
-
a section of pleura that covers the walls of the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
-
section of pleura that covers the organs of repiration, lungs
visceral pleura
-
negative pressure space between the two pleura
pleural space
-
very thin coating of fluid between the two pariteal pleura
pariteal fluid
-
breathing is an _______ activity
involuntary
-
the muscles used for normal breathing
diapragm and external intercostals
-
-
another name for the upper respiratory tract
airway
-
air inhaled and exhaled during repiration
breath
-
noise heard from air moving in and out of the lungs
breath sounds
-
muscular wall across the trunk of the body between the thoracic and abdominal caivities
diaphragm
-
to force air out of lungs
exhale
-
to pull air into lungs
inhale
-
relating to the diaphragm
phrenic
-
word ending meaning "breathing"
-pnea
-
to breathe again
respiration
-
root word meaning to "breathe"
spiro
-
to provide new air through a blowing force
ventilate
-
loss of the sense of smell
anosmia
-
dislocation of the wall between the two nostrils
deviated septum
-
condition where blood drips upon the lining of the nose (nose bleed)
epistaxis
-
outgrowth of the mucous membrane lining in the nose (polyps can occur anywhere in the respiratory system)
nasal polyp
-
inflammation of the lining of the nose
rhinitis
-
running of fluid from the nose in response to an allergen (runny nose)
allergic
-
runny nose and stuffiness of nasal passages usually as a result of infection
nonallergic
-
inflammation of one of the sinus associated with the respiratory system
sinusitis
-
disease characterized by panting (the rapid breathing results as a reaction to outside stimuli, causing inflammation of the tubes of the lungs, causing restricted blood flow. The outside stimuli include allergens, thus noting it is an allergic disease.
asthma
-
severe condition in which the asthmatic reponse of the lungs causes restriction of airflow that cannot be reversed and the lungs causes restriction of airflow that cannot be reversed and the lungs remain in the constricted form (this is life-threatening)
status asthmatics
-
excessive dilation of the alveoli with accumulation of mucus in the dilated space of the alveolus
bronchiectasis
-
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchitis
-
cancerous tumor that begins in the broncus
bronchogenic carcinoma
-
condition in which the alveoli of the lungs have been blown in (the lungs have become permenantly inflated)
emphysema
-
inflammation of the tissue at the back of the tongue over the larynx
epiglottitis
-
type of the sound made when there is inflammation in the laynx (the sound produced is harsh and weak in intensity.)
hoarseness
-
disease characterized by the filtering of white blood cells and other proteins from the blood in to the alveoli, filling the space with fluid and not allowing air to reach the alveoli. The process results in scarring or fibrosis of lung tissue and diminished lung function
pulmonary fibrosis, infiltrative lung disease
-
powerful, acute, and contagious disease of the risperatory system. The symptoms manifest themselves as upper respiratory symptoms, although the lungs may also become involved.
influenza
-
malignant tumor of the larynx. Because of its location, it causes difficulty in swallowing and persistant hoarseness. These are two classic signs of cancer.
laryngeal carcinoma
-
inflammation of the larynx (because the larynx is the voicebox, this interferes with a person's ability to speak)
laryngitis
-
swelling of the larynx (condition not uncommon with musicians that pay wind instruments)
laryngocele
-
sudden contraction of the larynx, making it difficult for air to pass through the respiratory system
laryngospasm
-
an inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi occurring at the same time
laryngotracheobronchitis
-
intensive cough that results in whooping sound (whooping cough)
pertussis
-
small, abnormal opening that communicates between the trachea and esophagus
tracheoesophageal fistula
-
incomplete dilation of the lung tissue; a collapse of segments of lung tissue
atelectasis
-
a congenital metabolic disorder, in which secretions of the exocrine glands are abnormal
cystic fibrosis
-
malignant condition of the lung
carcinoma of the lung
-
bacterial infection of the lung named for the first documented outbreak at a convention of the American Legion
Legionnaires disease
-
cancer of the lung that has spread from other places in the body (It also can refer to a cancer that has other places from the lung to other places in the body)
metastatic lung cancer
-
condition of the lung caused by inhalation of various types of dust particles
pnuemoconiosis
-
-
-
cotton, flax, hemp particles
byssinosis
-
-
condition in which the alveoli in the lungs become honey-combed and sac-like
pneumocystis pneumonia
-
inflammation of the lungs
pnuemonia
-
infection of the lungs from a bacteria usually found only in birds such as parrots
psittacosis
-
collection of excessive fluid, primarily lungs that affects the risperatory system
pulmonary edema
-
condition in which a traveling blood clot travels from the veins to the lungs
pulmonary embolism
-
condition in which small knobs or tubercles develop as part of the bacterial disease
tuberculosis
-
condition in which there is blood in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal pleura
hemothorax
-
inflammation of the membrane covering the lung, including the wall of the thorax
pleurisy
-
movement of fluid into the pleural space
pleural effusion
-
a condition in which there is air in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura in the chest cavity
pneumothorax
-
caused by widespread disease
simple spontaneous
-
air enters the pleural space but cannot get out with each respiration, thereby increasing the pressure
tension pneumothorax
-
severe condition usually caused by widespread infection in which the respiratory system is markedly affected, extreme difficulty in breathing
acute respiratory distress syndrome
-
absence of breathing
apnea
-
fluif of a foreign body being inhaled into the airways
aspiration
-
a chronic or long standing pulmonary disease caused by obstruction of the flow of air into and out of the lungs
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
-
involuntary rush of air from the lungs
cough
-
condition in which the skin takes on a bluish color (from the presence of unoxygenated blood)
cyanosis
-
difficult or labored breathing "shortness of breath"
dyspnea
-
change in the angle of the nail bed and the cuticle in which the fingertips take on a club appearance
finger cubbing
-
oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low and the carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high
risperatory failure
-
condition in which breathing is easier if the person is in an upright or seated position
orthopnea
-
condition in which there is periodic absence of breathing during sleep
sleep apnea
-
heavy breathing that accompanies some conditions of diseases (snoring)
stertor
-
a sound, mainly during inhalation caused by a partial blocking of the throat, voice box, and windpipe
stridor
-
abnormally fast breathing
stridor
-
whistling musical sound on expiration from a partially obstructed airway
wheezing
-
x-ray picture of the bronchi taken after an injection of radiopaque substance
bronchogram
-
viewing device used to visualize the bronchi
bronchoscope
-
removal of the larynx or voice box
laryngectomy
-
removal of one of the lobes of the lungs
lobectomy
-
sound heard as inflamed pluera rub against each other
pleural friction rub
-
removal of one of the lungs
pnuemonectomy
-
abnormal rattling or crackling sound from the lungs
rales
-
coarse snoring sound from the lungs
rhonchi
-
test used to measure the efficiency of breathing
spirometry
-
surigal puncture into the thoracic cavity for the removal of fluid
thoracentesis
-
making an opening into the thorax to carry out a surgical procedure
thoroactomy
-
surgical procedure to make a somewhat permanent opening in the trachea
tracheostomy
-
surgical procedure to cut into the trachea
tracheotomy
-
a term used to indicate the largest amount of air that can be exchanged during repiration
vital capacity
-
drug taht works against or controls coughing
antitussive
-
drug that causes the dilation of the bronchi
bronchdilator
-
drug that works to decrease the congestion of the upper respiratory system
decongestant
-
drug used to help expel mucus from the chest
expectorant
-
drug that is delivered directly to the airway by inhalation
inhalant
-
a drug that breaks down mucus
mucolytic agent
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