-
cholinergic
neorons or synapses that produce and release ACh
-
noradrenergic
neurons or synapses that produce and release norepinephrine
-
glutamatergic
neurons or synapses that produce and release glutamate
-
GABAergic
neurons or synapses that produce and release gamma-aminobutyric acid
-
peptidergic
neurons or synapses that produce and release peptide neurotransmitters
-
immunocytochemistry
an anatomical method that uses antibodies to study the location of molecules within cells
-
in situ hybridization
a method for localizing strands of messenger RNA within cells
-
autoradiography
method for visualizing sites of radioactive emissions in tisssue sections
-
microionophoresis
method of applying drugs and neurotransmitters in very small quantities to cells
-
receptor subtype
one of several receptors to which a neutro transmitter binds
-
nicotinic ACh receptor
a class of acetylcholine-gated ion channel found in various locations (mainly at the neuromuscular junction)
-
muscarinic ACh receptor
a subtype of acetylcholine receptor that is a G-protein-coupled
-
AMPA receptor
a subtype of glutamate receptor; a glutamate-gated ion channel that is permeable to Na+ and k+
-
NMDA receptor
a subtype of glutamate receptor; a glutamate-gated ion channel that is permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca+. Inward ionic current through the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor is voltage dependent bc of a magnesium block at neg. membrane potentials.
-
kainate receptor
a subtype of of glutamate receptor; a glutamate gated-ion channel that is permeable to Na+ and K+
-
ligand binding method
method that uses radioactive receptor ligands (agonists or antagonists) to locate neurotransmitter receptors
-
Dale's Principle
idea that a neuron has a unique identity with respect to neurontransmitter
-
co-transmitter
one of two or more different neurotransmitters that are released from a single presynaptic nerve terminal
-
acetylcholine (ACh)
an amine that serves as a neurotransmitter at many synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including the neuromuscular junction
-
transporter
a membrane protein that transports neurotransmitters, or their precursors, across membranes to concentrate them in either presynaptic cytosol or synaptic vessels
-
rate limiting step
in the series of biochemical reactions that leads to the production of a chemical, the one step that limits the rate of synthesis
-
catecholamines
neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
-
dopamine
a catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized from dopa
-
norepinephrine (NE)
catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized from dopamine; aka noradrenaline
-
epinephrine (adrenaline)
a catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized from norepinephrine; aka adrenaline
-
dopa
chemical precursor of dopamine and the other catecholamines
-
serotinin (5-HT)
an amine neurotransmitter, 5 hydroxytryptamine
-
serotonergic
desrcrining neurons or synapses that produce and release serotonin
-
glutamate (glu)
an amino acid; the major excitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
-
glycine (gly)
an amino acid; an inhibitory neurotransmitter at some locations in the CNS
-
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
amino acid synthesized from glutamate; the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
-
endocannabinoid
a natural (endogenous) chemical that binds to, and activates, cannabinoid (CB) receptors
-
retrograde messenger
any chemical messenger that communicates info from the postsynaptic side foa synapse to the presynaptic side
-
nitric oxide (NO)
a gas produced from the amino acid arginine that serves as an intercellular messenger
-
benzodiazepine
a class of drugs with antianxiety, sedative, muscle-relaxing, and anticonvulsant effects; acts by binding to GABAA receptors and prolonging their inhibitory actions
-
barbiturate
a class of drugs with sedative , general anesthetic , and anticonvulsant effects; barbituates act in part by binding to GABAA receptors and proloning their inhibitory
-
second messenger cascade
a multistep process that couples activation of a neurotransmitter receptor to activation of intracellular enzymes
-
protein kinase A (PKA)
a protein kinase activated by the second messeger cAMP
-
phospholipase C (PLC)
an enzyme that cleaves the membrane phospholipid phospatidylinositol-4-5-biphosphate to form the second messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3)
-
diacylglycerol (DAG)
second messenger molecule formed by the action of phospholipase C on the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4-5-biphosphate. it activates the enzyme protein kinase C
-
inositol-1-4-5-triphosphate (IP3)
second messenger molecule formed by the action of phospholipase C on the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4-5-bisphosphate. IP3 causes the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores
-
protein kinase C (PKC)
a protein kinase activated by the second messenger DAG
-
calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)
a protein kinase activated by the elevations of internal Ca2+ concentration
-
protein phosphatase
an enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins
|
|