A plasma specimen from a hospital patient is analyzed on an osmometer and reported as 400 mOsm/Kg. What is the most likely effect on this patient's water distribution in the tissues?
dehydration
True or False?
Choloride is the major extracellular anion in plasma.
True
True or False?
The main function of antidiuretic hormone is to increase the reabsorption of sodium and increase the secretion of potassium.
False
The sweat test for chloride is used as a screening test for:
Cystic fibrosis
Which of the following electrolytes would be increased in the serum if the blood specimen was hemolyzed?
Potassium and phosphate
When a mole of NaCl is added to a kilogram of water, which of the following changes occurs in its colligative properties?
The osmotic pressure is increased and the freezing point is decreased
A patient brought to the emergency room has the following laboratory results:
Sodium= 140 mmol/L glucose= 80 mg/dL BUN= 6.0 mg/dL Osmolity= 316 mOsm/Kg H20
The calculated osmolity on this patient using the Weisburg formula is:
286
A patient brought to the emergency room has the following laboratory results:
Sodium= 140 mmol/L glucose= 80 mg/dL BUN= 6.0 mg/dL Osmolity= 316 mOsm/Kg H20
True or False?
The "Osmolal gap" suggests that this patient could be suffering from ethanol intoxication or ingestion of some other volatile substance:
True
You just received a blood specimen from the emergency room. According to the requisition, the patient had overdosed on an antacid medication containing bromide salts. You have been asked to run a STAT set of electrolytes on the serum. Which electrolyte would most likely be falsely elevated?
Chloride
True or False?
Blood is drawn into a Vacutainer tube and allowed to clot. If the serum is not seperated from the cells, the serum potasssium will tend to decrease and the serum sodium will tend to increase.
False
One cause for a DECREASED "anion gap" is:
A decrease in albumin
The membrane substance used in the potassium ion-selective electrode is:
Valinomycin
An electrolyte panel was performed on a patient in the emergency room. The following values were reported:
Sodium: 150 meq/L Potassium: 5 meq/L Chloride: 110 meg/L Bicarbonate: 30 meq/L
The anion gap (without using K) for this patient is:
10
Hypernatremia commonly occurs in:
Burns and excessive sweating without water intake
Hyperkalemia may be seen in all the following EXCEPT:
Diuretic therapy only
One notable exception where hypochloremia does not mimic hyponatremia is:
Vomiting
A low plasma osmolity and low sodium would be expected in a patient with:
SIADH
What is the purpose of the hydroxyquinoline in the cresolpthalen determination for calcium?
Reduce Mg interference
The combination of non-fasting and hemolyzed serum from a patient for phosphorus determination could possibly cause results to be:
Normal
Which of the following enzyme tests is most affected by "hemolysis"?
Lactate dehydrogenase
One International Unit is defined as one __________ of substrate converted to product per ____________.
Micromole; minute
Which of the following is NOT considered a coenzyme?
Magnesium
Which of the following enzymes requires chloride (Cl) as an activator?
Amylase
The enzyme that is inhibited by hemoglobin is:
Lipase
Prostatic acid phosphatase measurement has been replaced by:
PSA
Of the following, the only clinically analyzed enzyme in the urine is:
Amylase
In the Szasz method for gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), the typical receptor molecule is:
Glycyl glycine
A reaction rate assay measures enzyme __________; an endpoint assay measures enzyme _____________.
Activity; activity
The method of choice for measurement of serum ionized calcium is: