-
What are 4 Functions of Muscles?
Cause movement, posture, control openings, and produce 80% of body heat.
-
Explain the Connective tissues of the muscles:
Deep....
Superficial fascia....
Epimysium....
Perimysium....
Endomysium....
Deep: tough, strong, surrounds major muscles
Superficial fascia: under skin, "subcutanious", fat
Epimysium: surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium: surrounds muscle bundle (muscle fasical)
Endomysium: surrounds individual muscle cell
-
Muscle Fasical
Is a muscle bundle
-
How does Growth/ Hypertrophy happen in a muscle tissue?
Adds protien to muscle
-
What is the "Origin" of a muscle?
The fixed portion of the muscle
-
What does the "Insertion" part of a muscle do?
The movable part of the muscle
-
What does the "Prime mover" do?
Its the primary muscle that controls a function
-
What does the "Synergist" part of a muscle do?
Aids the prime mover
-
What does the "Antagonist" part of a muscle do?
Opposes the prime mover
-
What does the "Fixator" part of a muscle do?
Prevents the movement of bone
-
What are the 4 Rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder?
Supraspinatus (muscle above spine on scapula)
Infraspinatus (muscle belove spine on scapula)
Subscapularis (muscle on inside of scapula)
Teres Minor
-
Muscle cells = Muscle fibers
Muscle cells = Muscle fibers
-
3 Muscle types
Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac
-
Charactaristics of Skeletal muscles (5)
Striated
Multiple nuclei
Long cylinder shape
Nuclei on outside
Vollentary control
-
Characteristics of Smooth muscles (2)
Non striated
Involuntary control
-
Characteristics of a Cardiac muscle (5)
Striated
Cells are branched
1 Central nuclei
Intercallated disks
Involuntary control
-
Regeneration capability of a muscle after injury
Skeletal: NO
Cardiac: NO
Smooth: YES
-
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
The bank of calcium in a muscle
-
Sarcoplasm
Muscle cell fluid
-
Myofilaments (2)
Myosin (thick)
Actin (thin)
-
Tropomyosin
Covers binding sites on actin
-
Troponin
Attaches to myosin
-
What is a "Sarcromere"?
The smallest unit of muscle.
-
Motor neuron
Signal goes from brain to muscle
-
Sensory neuron
Signal goes from skin to brain (HOT OR COLD)
-
What does a "Motor unit" include?
Includes 1 motor neuron and all the cells it intervates
-
"Innervation of muscle fibers" are the...
Includes the nerves supplied to a muscle
-
The "Synapse" is the...
Junctions between motor neurons and muscles
-
Acetylcholine is a...
Neurotransmitter
-
Functions of calcium (2), sodium (1), potassium (1), and ATP (1).
Calcium: causes the release of the neurotransmitter, attaches to triponin and unlocks the binding site.
Sodium: rushes into cell causing the cell to go from a - charge to a + charge.
Potassium: slowly comes out of the cell the same time as the sodium moving the charge back to a -.
ATP: is the energy of the muscle (most efficient)
-
What is the resting charge in a muscle cell?
- (negative)
-
Ligand gated channels
Acetlycholine (Ach.)
-
What releases the energy in the form of ATP?
Breaking a phosphate bond
-
What happens with "Tetanus"?
Muscles do not relax... (Lock Jaw!!!)
-
What do "Isometric contractions" do?
No movements or shortening of muscle
-
What do "Isotonic contractions" do?
Contractions that shorten the muscle
-
What are the 4 sources of energy for a muscle to contract?
ATP ( most efficiant), gluclose, fat and protein.
-
Aerobic Exercise
contractions with enough oxygen (marathon racers)
-
Anaerobic Exercise
Contractions WITHOUT enough oxygen (sprinters or weight lifters)
-
What happens to produce "Lactic Acid"?
Results from ANAEROBIC exercise (what makes muscles sore!!!!!)
-
Explain Gluclose and Glycogen
Gluclose: blood sugar
Glycogen: gluclose that is stored in the muscles and liver.
-
Oxygen Debt
Results from ANAEROBIC exercise.... the "out of breath" feeling.
-
What is "Muscular Dystrophy"? (3 main points)
Degeneration of muscle and the replacement of fat, hits young boys and most cases death before 20.
-
What is "Myasthenia Gravis"? (4 main points)
Autoimmune disease ( body attacks itself), body attacks Acetylcholine receptors on muscle. Hits women and can be treated with inhibitor meds.
-
"I-band"is the light band "A-band" is the darkband
|
|
