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Tongan Society:
The Gods:
- A. Original Gods
- B. Soul Gods
- C. Mischievous Gods
- D. Pulotu (Divine Paradise, Craft)
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'Inasi Ceremony
A. Purpose:
- Gods continue to look favorably upon the Tongans.
- Also watch over the sources of food.
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1. The Gods continue to look favorably on the tongans.
2. Also watch over the sources of food.
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'Inasi Ceremony
B. Key Food Offered?
B. Yams (Kahokaho)
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'Inasi Ceremony
C. The time of year was the month of?
C. October
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'Inasi Ceremony
D. Identify the key person and the origin of his position:
D: Tu'i Tonga, descendent of the highest god in the pantheon of Tongatapu, Hikule'o
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Name the other Ceremony.
The Harvest of Tautau
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What time of year was the Tautau?
Dec. Solstice and March equinox
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What was the final rite of the tautau?
Final Great Battle Royal
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What is the Kumulipo?
A prayer
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Who are the original ancestors of the Hawaiian People?
Deep darkness of the night and coral polyp
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The Kumulipo is divided into 2 large sections that contin a total of 16 wa. The first 8 wa exists entirely in Po(night) and the last 8 was are in the time of __ (Hawaiian Daylight)
Ao
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Descibe the proper relationship between people and creatures of the sea
As those who live upon the land to guard and care for those who live in the sea.
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Who is La'ila'i? Gender? Status?
Eldest Sister of four, first female born, and has the most mana. Prayed to as a goddes by the female Ali'i Nui.
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Our ______ define our identity.
Ancestors.
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Hale O Ka Maluhia
House of Peace
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Ka Heiau Kaua
House for War God
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Luakini Po'o Kanaka
Ku, only for the Ali'i Nui. Along the coast, interior of land, mountain sides. Sacrifice.
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Hale Ipu O Lono
Inspire Rain, to make ready for land for Planting.
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Waihau Hale O Papa
- Belonged to Pi'o and Ni'aupi'o.
- Good of the women and the children born for the benefit of the land.
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The Ko'a brought life to the land through an abundance of what?
- A. Ko'a Ku'ula
- 1. Fish
- 2. Birds
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What is the significance of the Pohaku O Kane?
- Commemoration of Kane.
- Offerings and Sacrifices to obtain forgiveness.
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Define Heiau
Sacred to Gods.
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Who was his father?
Kamehameha I
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Who was his biological mother?
Keopuolani
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What was his Hawaiian title?
Mo'i
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What did Liholiho do that officially ended the 'Aikapu?
He sat down and ate with the Ali'i Nui.
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Defne 'Ainoa
No eating restrictions.
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One politcical opponent was Kekuaokalani. Who was the other?
Ka'ahumanu
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Liholiho attempted to secure the power of ___ throught the 'Aha ritual but failed.
Ku
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The author says that Liholiho was torn between his ___ and aloha for his 'ohana.
Duty.
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If Liholiho sided with Ka'ahumanu and her other female Ali'i Nui supporters who wanted 'Ainoa, what did he believe could happen to him?
He would be killed.
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The name of the survey the missionaries circulated at the 11 mission stations in Hawai'i was called?
Answers to Questions.
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The "percuilar argument" in the "survey" made the claim that if Hawaiians owned _______, they would become hardworking, give up their bad habits and the _________ would stop.
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Lilikala Kame'eleihiwa discusses American missionaries depiction of what is called Hawaiian "indolence". This word means:
Lazy
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The author says that "indolence" is a sign of _________________ resulting from diseases, depopulation, excessive taxes; or _______ engendered by Christian kapu that condemned Hawaiian celebration of life for without the Akua Lono there may have been no reason to work toward a grand purpose as a whole community, for their hard work would no longer bring _______to 'aina.
- Psychological malaise
- Cultural Schizophrenia
- Fertility
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The missionary support system called the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was about to end all financial assistance to the missionaries stationed in Hawai'i as a result what did this cause the missionaries to start thinking about doing?
Become buisnessman
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The one "obviously greedy Ali'i named __________ not only persisted in requesting more 'Aina but turns out that his persistence came to make up the bulk of today's ____________
- Mataio Kekuanao'a
- Kamehamea Schools Bishop Estate.
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The role of the land Ccommission was to divide up the _____
'Aina
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'Aina was thought to be divided into equal thirds between: ________ _________ and maka'ainana.
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An idea was to import white foreigners to teach Natives how to _____________ and develop the __________ resources of the country.
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Who was for this idea?
R. C. Wyllie
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Who was against it?
G.P Judd
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Why was Judd against it?
Lose control of Hawaiian kingdom and was afraid it would overwhelm the native population.
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Nearly 4 decades later, American and Micronesian negotiators agreed to a complex legal document called ___________ defining economic aid and foreign affairs.
Free Association.
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What was the French policy to nuclear involvement in the Pacific?
- A. Decision to have an independant nuclear deterrent.
- B. Decision to remain a middle ranked global military power.
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Where was france testing prior to the Pacific?
Sahara
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Why did France stop testing there?
Algerian Independence
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What does "la bombe" represent to France?
Nationalism, Country's passport to independence.
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What are the 5 pacific countries opposed to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty?
- 1.Vanuatu
- 2. Nauru
- 3. Papau New Geuine
- 4. Tonga
- 5. Solomon Islands
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Why did they oppose the treaty?
Constitutional processes had to be observed.
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Polynesian tatau in New Zealand with a focus on its significance in the __________ community.
Samoan
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The art of tatau is said to have come to Samoa from _________
Fiji
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A samoan expert in tatau is called a
Tufuga
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The pe'a refers to the fruit eating bat known as the _______________
Flying Fox
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The motifs and designs reflect elements of the ____________, as well as family history, accomplisment, and responsibilities of the person who wears them.
natural environment
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The pe'a is worn by __________ and is a set of markings made from the ______________ to the ___________.
Men, waist down, knee.
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The malu is worn by _________ and appears on the legs from the _________ to the top of the thigh.
women, knee
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The most popular form of tatau for the present generation is the taulima which is the ___________
arm band.
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The taulima is usually worn on the top half of the ____ around the bicep muscle.
arm
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One attraction of the taulima is that it doesnt carry the same ________ in terms of the process involved in receiving the pe'a and malu or the ________ responsibilities or condition of service that these more prestigious forms mediate.
commitment, cultural
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The appropriation of Samoan tatau imagery by ____________ artists is another issue related to the cross-cultural exchange of the tatau.
non-samoan.
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What is Hula's predicament?
Commercially profitable and culturally correct.
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What is the result of this predicament?
Hula is now commodity.
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What is the purpose of hula?
Confers distinction upon Ali'i Child
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What is the function of hula?
Carrier of life messages and component of Hawaiian identity
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How were practitioners treated in ancient times?
Honored and trained.
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When did suppression of hula begin?
1820
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How did American Calvinist missionaries see the hula?
Works of the devil
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Where does hula go?
cloud of secrecy.
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Name the 3 Ali'i nui who became kings that resisted hula's suppression.
David Kalakau, Kamehameha 4 and 5
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What does transmogrify mean in a general sense?
To change or alter
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How is it used in this article?
The little brown girl became the image of hula and Hawaii.
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Name 3 contributing factors to the gradual transmorgification of hula.
Overthrow, Little Brown gal, Sell Hawaii.
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