HazMat Ch.4

• 1. Gas
• 2. Liquid
• 3. Solid

Minimum temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mix with air near it's surface; will flash but not continue to burn

enough vapors are present to support continuous burning

• initiate self sustaining combustion w/out ignition source
• example gasoline AIT 536F, Flashpoint -45F
• AIT IS ALWAYS THE SAME AS IGNITION TEMPERATURE

• lower- lowest % of the substance in air that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source is present
• upper-highest %
• note- products with low LEL and products with most range are most dangerous

pressure excerted by a saturated vapor above its liquid in a closed container/ higher temp > VP lower temp<VP

• temp at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure
• note* flammable materials with low boiling points special fire hazards

Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion

Changing directly from a solid into a gas without going to a liquid state

• Hyrdogen, acetlyne, helium, ammonia, methane, illuminates, carbon monoxide, ethylene, nitrogen(hahamicen)
• or
• Hydrogen, hydrogen cyanide, helium, hydrogen flouride
• methane, ethylene, diobrane, illuminates, arbon monoxide
• acetylene, neon, nitrogen, ammonia
• 4H MEDIC ANNA

In water expressing the % of a material that will dissolve at ambient temperature

• Hydrocarbons=non-soluble(gas,diesel) remain seperate
• Polar-solvents=soluble(alcohols) combine easily

The ratio of the density of a material to the density of some standard material at standard conditions, for example a volume of a substance weighs 8lbs and an equal volume of water weighs 10lbs, the material is said to have a specific gravity of .8

• Miscibility is the degree or readiness to which 2 or more gases or liquids are able to mix with or disolve into each other
• 2 that mix in are miscible, 2 that dont are immiscible

consists of an oxidizing agent, an activation agent and a reducing agent

Chemical reaction in which a catalyst causes simple molecules to combine to form long chain molecules; reaction can be violent

• General Emergency Behavior Model
• used to help first responders understand how a hazmat is likely to behave in any given situation

• 1. Stress
• 2. Breach
• 3. Release
• 4. Dispersion/Engulfment
• 5. Explosive/contact
• 6. Harm

• classified as stimulus causing strain or pressure or deformity.
• 25% of all hazmat incidents due to container failure

• Thermal- excessive heat or cold
• Chemical- uncontrolled reactions of contents; may be result of corrosive action or chemical attack on incompatible container
• Mechanical-Physical; crushing, scoring, gouges

• 1. Disintegration-general loss of integrity, bottle breaking, grenade
• 2. Runaway cracking-develops after some damage;can go quickly; commonly assoc. w/ bleve
• 3. Attachments break-fail open, or break off
• 4. Puncture-mechanical stress
• 5. Split or tear-welded seam
• 6. Corrosion-

• 1. Detonation-instanteous and explosive release
• 2. Violent rupture-immediate release caused by runaway cracks
• 3. Rapid relief-fast release through damaged valves, piping etc
• 4. Spill/leak-slow release

• 1. Hemispheric- semi-circular or dome shaped; generally formed by rapid release
• 2. Cloud-Ball shaped pattern
• 3. Plume- Irregularly shaped pattern; dispersion of a plume affected by vapor density
• 4. Cone-Triangular shaped
• 5. Stream-surface following pattern of liquid HazMat
• 6. Pool-3D; slow flowing dispersion
• 7. Irregular-indiscriminate deposit of a HazMat

• 1. People
• 2. Environment
• 3. Property

• Immediate-milliseconds; deflagration/explosion
• Short-term-minutes, hours; gas vapor cloud
• Medium term- Days, weeks; lingering pesticide
• Long term-years, generations; radioactive source