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Personnel who are trained to the awareness level are expected to assume the following responsibilities :
List 5
- 1. Recognize the presence or potential presence of a hazmat
- 2. Recognize the type of container and identify contents
- 3. Transmit info
- 4. Identify actions to protect self and other from hazards
- 5. Establish scene control
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Personnel trained to the Awareness and Operations levels perform only which type of actions?
Defensive
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Operations Missions-Specific competecncies allow responders to perform which actions?
Defensive and limited offensive
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HazMat techs and specialists perform which type of tasks?
Full array of both Offensive and Defensive actions
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Personnel who are trained to the Operations level are expected to assume the following responsibilities:
List 6
- 1. Identify the hazardous material involved in an incident if possible
- 2. Analyze an incident to determine the nature and extent of the problem
- 3. Protect themselves, nearby persons, the environment, and property from the effects of release
- 4. Develop a defensive plan of action
- 5. Implement the plan to mitigate or control
- 6. Evaluate progress
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Explain acute exposure to a hazmat and chronic exposure
- Acute- single exposure or several exposures within a short amount of time
- Chronic- long-term reoccurring
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Name the Hazmat incidents that have the potential to cause harm? (TRACEM)
- Thermal Hazards
- Radiological Hazards
- Asphyxiation Hazards
- Chemical Hazards(poisons,toxins,irritants,corrosives,carcinogens,allergens)
- Etiological/Biological Hazards
- Mechanical Hazards
- also sometimes phychological
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A liquified gas such as propane or carbon dioxide is one that is partially liquid at what temp?
A cryogen is a gas that turns liquid @ or below what temp?
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Molten aluminum is generally shipped at temperatures above, what?
1,300F
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DOT defines an elevated temp material as one that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging has one of the following properties:
- 1. Liquid phase at a temp at or above 212F
- 2. Liquid phase with a flash point at or above 100F that is intentionally heated and offered for transportaion at or above it's flash point
- 3. Solid phase at a temperature at or above 464F
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Radiological Hazards
The least energetic form is?
The most energetic form is?
Which is of greatest concern for first responders?
- 1. non-ionizing-visible light, radio waves
- 2. ionizing* also greatest concern
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Types of ionizing radiation?
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Define Alpha radiation
- Energetic, positively charged and emmitted from nucleus during radioactive decay
- characteristics: lose energy rapidly when travelling thru matter. Usually completely blocked by outer, dead skin layer. Can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Very dangerous if inhaled or ingested
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Define Beta radiation
- Fast-moving positively or negatively charged electrons.
- characteristics: more penetrating than alpha particles but less damaging. Can penetrate the skin. Travel distances of 20ft but can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing or aluminum
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Define Gamma radiation
- High energy photons.
- characteristics: They have neither a charge nor a mass but are very penetrating. Can easily pass through the human body or be absorbed by the tissue. Around 2 feet of concrete, several feet of earth, or around 2 inches of lead may be required to stop.
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Define Neutron
- Ultra-high energy particles that have mass but no electrical charge. Highly penetrating. Fission reactions cause neutrons.
- characteristics: soil moisture density gauges a common source. Health hazard is related to secondary release when interacting within human body
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Asphyxiants are? How many classes? What are they?
- Substances which affect the oxygenation of the body and lead to suffocation
- 2 classes
- Simple and chemical
- Simple-gases that dilute or dissipate oxygen when breathing
- Chemical-substances that prohibit the body from using oxygen
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Some corrosives are neither acid or base, name 1?
hydrogen peroxide
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Acid ph?
Base ph?
- Acid 0-6.9
- Base 8-14
- Neutral 7
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Mechanical Hazards can cause trauma as a result of direct contact with an object...what are the two most common?
Striking and Friction
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Explosions can cause the following four hazards:
- 1. Blast-pressure wave* primary reason for injuries and damage
- 2. Shrapnel fragmentaion
- 3. Seismic effect
- 4. Incendiary thermal effect
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What are the 3 main routes of entry?
2 other routes?
- Inhalation-process of taking in hazmat by breathing in thru nose or mouth.
- Ingestion-process of taking in materials thru mouth other than breathing
- Skin contact-process of taking in hazmat when it contacts the skin or exposed surface of the body
- Other- Injection- process of taking in materials thru a puncture or break in skin
- Absorbtion- Process of taking in materials thru skin or eyes
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4 main angencies involved in regulation of hazardous materials?
- 1. Dept. of Transportation(DOT)
- 2. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)
- 3. Department of Labor(DOL)
- 4. Nuclear Regulatory Commision(NRC)
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Other agencies
- Department of Energy(DOE)-manages national nuclear research and defense programs including storage of high level nuclear waste
- Department of Homeland Security- (DHS) 3 primary missions 1-prevent terrorist attacks in USA 2- reduce vulnerability to terrorism 3- minimize damage
- Consumer Product Safety Commision(CPSC)- household products labeling
- Department of Justice(DOJ)- responsible for assigning responsibilty operational response to threats or acts of terrorism with the USA
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Records show the majority of Hazmat incidents involve the following products?
- Flammable/Combustible liquids
- Corrosives
- Anhydrous Ammonia
- Chlorine
- Many occur during transportation
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