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accessibility
the degree to which we can gain access to the available information
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autobiographical memory
refers to memory of an individual''s history
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availability
the presence of information stored in long-term memory
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consolidation
the process of integrating new information into stored information
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constructive
prior experience affects how we recall things and what we actually recall from memory
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decay
occurs when simply the passage of time causes an individual to forget
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decay theory
asserts that information is forgotten because of the gradual disappearance, rather than displacement, of the memory trace
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distributed practice
learning in which various sessions are spaced over time
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encoding
refers to how you transform a physical, sensory input into a kind of representation that can be placed into memory
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encoding specificity
what is recalled depends on what is encoded
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flashbulb memory
a memory of an event so powerful that the person remembers the event as vividly as if it were indelibly preserved on film
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interference
occurs when competing information causes an individual to forget something
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interference theory
refers to the view that forgetting occurs because recall of certain words interferes with recall of other words
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massed practice
learning in which sessions are crammed together in a very short space of time
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metacognition
our understanding and control of our cognition; our ability to think about and control our own processes of thought and ways of enhancing our thinking
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metamemory
strategies involve reflecting on our own memory processes with a view to improving our memory
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mnemonic devices
specific techniques to help you memorize lists of words
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primacy effect
refers to superior recall of words at and near the beginning of a list
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proactive interference
occurs when the interfering material occurs before, rather than after, learning of the to-be-remembered material
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recency effect
refers to superior recall of words at and near the end of a list
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reconstructive
involving the use of various strategies (e.g., searching for cues, drawing inferences) for retrieving the original memory traces of our experiences and then rebuilding the original experiences as a basis for retrieval
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rehearsal
the repeated recitation of an item
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retrieval (memory)
refers to how you gain access to information stored in memory
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retroactive interference
caused by activity occurring after we learn something but before we are asked to recall that thing; also called retroactive inhibition
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storage (memory)
refers to how you retain encoded information in memory
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