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Alzheimer's disease
a disease of older adults that causes dementia as well as progressive memory loss
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amnesia
severe loss of explicit memory
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anterograde amnesia
the inability to remember events that occur after a traumatic event
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central executive
both coordinates attentional activities and governs responses
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episodic buffer
a limited-capacity system that is capable of binding information from the subsidiary systems and from long-term memory into a unitary episodic representation
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episodic memory
stores personally experienced events or episodes
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explicit memory
when participants engage in conscious recollection
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hypermnesia
a process of producing retrieval of memories that seem to have been forgotten
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hypothetical constructs
concepts that are not themselves directly measurable or observable but that serve as mental models for understanding how a psychological phenomenon works
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iconic store
a discrete visual sensory register that holds information for very short periods
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implicit memory
when we recollect something but are not consciously aware that we are trying to do so
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infantile amnesia
the inability to recall events that happened when we were very young
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levels-of-processing framework
postulates that memory does not comprise three or even any specific number of separate stores but rather varies along a continuous dimension in terms of depth of encoding
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long-term store
very large capacity, capable of storing information for very long periods, perhaps even indefinitely
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memory
the means by which we retain and draw on our past experiences to use this information in the present
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mnemonist
someone who demonstrates extraordinarily keen memory ability, usually based on the use of special techniques for memory enhancement
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phonological loop
briefly holds inner speech for verbal comprehension and for acoustic rehearsal
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prime
a node that activates a connected node; this activation is known as the priming effect
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priming effect
the resulting activation of the node
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recall
to produce a fact, a word, or other item from memory
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recognition
to select or otherwise identify an item as being one that you learned previously
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retrograde amnesia
occurs when individuals lose their purposeful memory for events prior to whatever trauma induces memory loss
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semantic memory
stores general world knowledge
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sensory store
capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information for very brief periods
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short-term store
capable of storing information for somewhat longer periods but also of elatively limited capacity
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visuospatial sketchpad
briefly holds some visual images
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working memory
holds only the most recently activated portion of long-term memory, and it moves these activated elements into and out of brief, temporary memory storage
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