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medial
towards the midline
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lateral
away from the midline
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cephal cranial
towards the head
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cephalad caudal
toward the tail
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proximal
nearer the trunk or attached end
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distal
further the trunk or point of attachment
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frontal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior
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transverse
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
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midline
divides the body into two equal parts, right down the midline
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dorsal body cavity
includes the cranial and vertebral cavities
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ventral body cavity
includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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right hypochondriac region
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left hypochondriac region
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hypogastric (pubic) region
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organs in the right hypochondriac region
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organs of the epigastric region
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organs of the left hypochondriac region
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organs of the tight right lumbar region
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organs of the umbilical region
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organs of the left lumbar region
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organs of the right iliac region
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organs of the hypogastric region
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organs of the left iliac region
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11 organ systems
respitory, skeletal, cardiovascular, integumentary, urinary, reproductive, endocrine, lymphatic, nervous, digestive, muscular
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major organs of the integumentary system
epidermal and dermal regions, cultaneous sense organs and glands
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major organs of the skeletal system
bones, catilages, tendons, ligaments, joints
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major organs of the muscular system
muscles attached to the skeleton
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major organs of the nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
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major organs of the endocrine
pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal glands; ovaries, testes, pancreas
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major organs of the cardiovascular
heart, blood vessels, and blood
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major organs of the lymphatic system
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and scattered collections of lymphoid tissue
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major organs of the respiratory system
nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
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major organs of the digestive system
oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
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major organs of the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
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major organs of the reproductive system
male: testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system
female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina
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nucleus
contains DNA, control of the cell, necessary for cell reproduction
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nucleoli
small round body contained in the nucleus, assembly sites for ribosomal particles
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nuclear envelope
double layer porous membrane surrounding the nucleus
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plasma membrane
bilayer of phospholipids important in cellular interactions
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cytosol
fluid cytoplasmic material
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ribosomes
composed of RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis
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endoplasmic reticulum
system of channels for the transport of cellular substances
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golgi apparatus
modify, segregate, and package proteins
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