Chapter 6 Chemistry Vocabulary

Mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together

Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions

Results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge

Have uneven distribution of charge

A covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons

A Neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds

A chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules

Indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts

Shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound

The energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms

An electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element’s symbol

Formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons

Indicates the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared pairs of the atoms in a molecule

A covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Double and triple bonds

Refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure

Composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal

The simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formula can be established

The energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions

A charged group of covalently bonded atoms

The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons

Ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets

Ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire

States that repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible

The mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies

Orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom

Created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance

The intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule

The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles