-
two technologies used for quick transmission of data across networks
Circuit-switching and packet-switching
-
______ creates a physical circuit path between the sender and the
receiver devices on a WAN.
Circuit-switched networks
-
connections for a single transmission, they provide uniform transmission with no loss or interference.
circuit networks use exclusive connections for a single transmission
-
_____ network fragments large messages, and encapsulates them into small packets having
frame check sequence numbers
A packet-switched network
-
these network technologies do not establish a connection
Packet-switched networks
-
they make optimal utilization
of network resources and transmit data packets using any available circuit path on the network
Packet-switched networks
-
there are five different technologies used by packet switched networks
- • X.25
- • LAPB
- • Frame Relay
- • SMDS
- • ATM
-
- is a high speed networking technology that is connectionoriented
- uses a cell-switching method
- transmits data in fixed sized cells of 53 bytes
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
-
- was developed as an upgrade from X.25 and LAPB
- functions at the physical and
data link layers of the OSI model.
- does not unpack frames at each node
Frame Relay
-
- was developed to be used with X.25
- can retransmit, exchange, and acknowledge frames
- ensures that the frames are correctly
sequenced and error free
Link access procedure balanced (LAPB)
-
- uses carrier switches to enable computers on different public networks
to communicate
- defines communication between data terminal equipment (DTE) and the data
circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) devices
X.25
-
- is a high speed, datagram-based WAN technology that is used for communication over public data networks
- connectionless protocol
Switched multimegabit data service (SMDS)
-
Different remote access protocols are used to authenticate users and establish a reliable connection
- • SLIP
- • PPP
- • CHAP
- • PAP
- • EAP
-
- designed to work on serial ports and dial-up connections
- encapsulates IP packets by appending special framing characters to them
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
-
- designed as a successor of SLIP
- enables systems to communicate through a serial link connection
point-to-point protocol (PPP)
-
- enables user authentication over PPP lines
- process is referred to as a two way hand shake
Password authentication protocol (PAP)
-
- is a PPP authentication protocol that
facilitates remote logon between a client and a server or between a web browser and a web server
Challenge handshake authentication protocol (CHAP)
-
- is not an authentication mechanism
- supports multiple authentication techniques, such as Kerberos, one time passwords, token cards, public key authentication, biometrics, and smart cards
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
-
what do these have in common:
• 10Base2
• 10Base5
• 10BaseT
• Fast Ethernet
• Gigabit Ethernet
These are the common implementations of Ethernet
-
- known as Thinnet
- maximum cable length of 185 meters and provides transmission rates of 10 Mbps
10Base2
-
- is commonly implemented
using a star topology,
- operates at 10 Mbps speed, and
- uses RJ-45 connectors to connect the
cables to the computers
10BaseT
-
- called Thicknet
- maximum cable length of 500 meters
- data transmission speed of 10 Mbps
10Base5
-
- referred to as 100 Base-T
- data transfer rates of 100 Mbps
- follows the traditional CSMA/CD access method
Fast Ethernet
-
- supports data transfer rates of 1Gbps
- primarily used as the backbone in
large enterprise networks
Gigabit Ethernet
-
which layer of the OSI model does ethernet reside on?
it resides on layer 2, the data access layer, which is divided into two sub-layers, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the MAC-client sublayer
|
|