GI System

opening of the stomach into the duodenum

evacuation of feces from the rectum

membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)

loss of appetite (orexia = appetite)

inability to swallow

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos = bag)

in the cheek

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass(constipo = to press together)

frequent loose or liquid stools

indigestion (peptein = to digest)

difficulty in swallowing

belch

gas in the stomach or intestines (flatus = a blowing)

bad breath (halitus = breath)

red blood in the stool (chezo = defecate)

vomiting blood

enlargement of the liver

excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood

yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice = yellow)

yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice = yellow)

dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

sick in the stomach

under the tongue

inflammation of the mouth

inflammation of the tongue

inflammation of the gums

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

inflammation of the stomach

backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus

narrowed condition of the pylorus

a sore in the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

a by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g., amebic dysentery)

inflammation of the appendix

protrusion of a part from its normal location

multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential

inflammation of the rectum and anus

abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula = pipe)

swollen, twisted veins (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)

inflammation of the liver

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency

inflammation of the pancreas

examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment; used in the gastrointestinal tract to detect abnormalities and perform procedures such as biopsies, excision of lesions, dilations of narrowed areas, and removal of swallowed objects

examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope--often including interventional surgical procedure

examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope

chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract

treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines; procedures include restrictive techniques that limit the size of the stomach and malabsorptive techniques that limit the absorption of food (baros = weight; iatric = pertains to treatment)

creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon;performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions

excision of a diseased appendix

insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment [e.g., to remove blood clots from the stomach and monitor bleeding (lavage = to wash)

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach for various purposes (e.g.,to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis)

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

drug that causes movement of the bowels, also called a laxative