-
hydroxyzine
(Atarax, Vistaril)
- Chem class: antihistamine
- Use: Antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic
- How: anticholinergic
- Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, seizures, hypotension
-
alprazolam
(Xanax)
- Chem class: benzodiazepine-short acting
- Use: antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic
-
chlordiazepoxide
(Librium)
- Chem class: benzodiazepine-long acting
- Use: antianxiety
- Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, blurred vision
-
clonazepam
(Klonopin)
- Chem class: benzodiazepine
- How: decrease seizure threshold, decrease mania
- Side effects: drowsiness, suicidal tendancies, respiratory depression, diplopia, nausea, constipation
-
clorazepate
(Tranxene)
- Chem class: benzodiazepine-long acting
- Use: antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant
- Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, blurred vision
-
diazepam
(Valium)
- Chem class: benzodiazepine-long acting
- Use: Antianxiety, anticonvulsant
- Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, blurred vision, neutropenia, respiratory depression
-
lorazepam
(Ativan)
- Chem class: benzodiazepine-short acting
- Use: Antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic
- How: increases GABA, CNS depressant
- Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, apnea, blurred vision
-
oxazepam
(Serax)
- Chem class: benzodiazepine-short acting
- Use: Antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic
- How: increases GABA, CNS depressant
- Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, blurred vision
-
buspirone
(Buspar)
- Chem class: azaspirodecanedione
- Use: Antianxiety, sedative
- How: inhibits serotonin, dopamine, increases norepinephrine
- Side effects: dizziness, headache, depression, insomnia, tremors, tachycardia, CVA, nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, rash, weakness
-
amitriptyline
(Elavil, Endep)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin
- Side effects: sexual dysfunction, EPS, weight gain, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, dizziness, sedation, ECG changes
-
amoxapine
(Asendin)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin
- Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, EPS, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, seizures, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, hepatitis, acute renal failure, sexual dysfunction
-
clomipramine
(Anafranil)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: potentiates serotonin and norepinephrine uptake, increases dopamine metabolism
- Side effects: dizziness, tremors, mania, EPS, seizures, neuroleptic malignant syncrome, cardiac arrest, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, delayed ejaculation, anorgasmia, suicide
-
desipramine
(Norpramin)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin
- Side effects: dizziness, EPS, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, hepatitis, acute renal failure
-
doxepin
(Sinequan)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin
- Side effects: dizziness, sedation, EPS, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, blurred vision, weight gain, constipation, dry mouth, hepatitis, acute renal failure
-
imipramine
(Tofranil)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin; anticholinergic
- Side effects: dizziness, sedation, weight gain, EPS, seizures, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, hepatitis, acute renal failure
-
nortriptyline
(Aventyl, Pamelor)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin; anticholinergic
- Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, EPS, seizures, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, hepatitis, retention, acute renal failure
-
protriptyline
(Vivactil)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of NE, serotonin; anticholinergic
- Side effects: sexual dysfunction, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia
-
trimipramine
(Surmontil)
- Class: tricyclic antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of NE, serotonin; anticholinergic
- Side effects: sexual dysfunction, sedation, weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia
-
citalopram
(Celexa)
- Chem Class: SSRI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin
- Side effects: agitation, headache, sexual dysfunction, nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, dizziness, poor concentration, seizures, suicide, palpitations, GI distress, UTI, resp infection
-
fluoxetine
(Prozac)
- Chem Class: SSRI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin
- Side effects: agitation, headache, sexual dysfunction, nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, dizziness, sedation, poor concentration, seizures, suicide, palpitations, GI distress, UTI, resp infection
-
fluvoxamine
(Luvox)
- Chem Class: SSRI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin
- Side effects: insomnia, agitation, headache, sexual dysfunction, GI distress
-
escitalopram
(Lexapro)
- Chem Class: SSRI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin
- Side effects: agitation, headache, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, tremor, dizziness, sedation, poor concentration, seizures, palpitations, GI distress, resp infection
-
paroxetine
(Paxil)
- Chem Class: SSRI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin
- Side effects: insomnia, agitation, headache, sexual dysfunction, nervousness, anxiety, tremor, dizziness, sedation, seizures, GI distress
-
sertraline
(Zoloft)
- Chem Class: SSRI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin
- Side effects: agitation, headache, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, dizziness, tremor, fatigue, seizures, GI distress
-
isocarboxazid
(Marplan)
- Chem Class: MAOI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: Increases NE and serotonin
- Side effects: sedation, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, agitation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
-
phenelzine
(Nardil)
- Chem Class: MAOI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: Increases NE and serotonin
- Side effects: sedation, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, agitation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
-
tranylcypromine
(Parmate)
- Chem Class: MAOI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: Increases NE and serotonin
- Side effects: sedation, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, agitatioin, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
-
bupropion
(Wellbutrin)
- Chem Class: other
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and NE
- Side effects: insomnia, tremor, seizures, headache, agitation, confusion, suicide, nausea
-
mirtazapine
(Remeron)
- Chem class: tetracyclic
- Use: antidepressant
- How: blocks reuptake of NE, serotonin
- Side effects: dizziness, sedation, seizures, EPS, blurred vision, diarrhea, hepatitis, acute renal failure
-
trazodone
(Desyrel)
- Chem class: other
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin, NE
- Side effects: nausea, sedation, priapism, dizziness, drowsiness, EPS, hepatitis, acute renal failure
-
nefazodone
(Serzone)
- Chem Class: other
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin, NE
- Side effects: nausea, sedation, priapism, dizziness, drowsiness, EPS
-
venlafaxine
(Effexor)
- Chem class: SSNRI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin and NE, slightly dopamine
- Side effects: emotional lability, vertigo, suicide, migraine, abnormal vision, ear pain, sexual dysfunction, dyspnea, malaise, nausea, tremors, insomnia, GI problems,
-
duloxetine
(Cymbalta)
- Chem Class: SSNRI
- Use: antidepressant
- How: inhibits reuptake of serotonin and NE, slightly dopamine
- Side effects: abnormal vision, anapylaxis, constipation, diarrhea, insomnia, anxiety, nausea, tremors, sexual dysfunction
-
litihim carbonate
(Lithane, Lithobid, Eskalith)
- Class: Mood stabilizer
- Use: antimanic-bipolar
- How: decrease NE and serotonin
- Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, GI upset, fine hand tremors, hypotension, arrhythmias, weight gain
- Therapeutic level: 0.5-1.5 mEq/L
-
carbamazepine
(Tegretol)
- Class: Mood stabilizer
- Use: anticonvulsant, antimanic-bipolar
- How: unclear
- Side effects: Nausea/vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, blood dyscrasias
-
valproic acid
(Depakote, Depakene)
- Class: Mood stabilizer
- Use: anticonvulsant, antimanic-bipolar
- How: unclear
- Side effects: Nausea/vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, blood dyscrasias, prolongued bleeding time
-
lamotrigine
(Lamictal)
- Class: Mood stabilizer
- Use: anticonvulsant, antimanic-bipolar
- How: unclear
- Side effects: Nausea/vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, blood dyscrasias, severe rash
-
gabapentin
(Neurontin)
- Class: Mood stabilizer
- Use: anticonvulsant, antimanic-bipolar
- How: unclear
- Side effects: Nausea/vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, blood dyscrasias
-
topiramate
(Topamax)
- Class: Mood stabilizer
- Use: anticonvulsant, antimanic-bipolar
- How: unclear
- Side effects: Nausea/vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, blood dyscrasias, decreased efficacy with oral contraceptives
-
verapamil
(Calan, Isoptin)
- Chem class: CCB, mood stabilizer
- Use: antimanic-bipolar
- How: unsure
- Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, constipation
-
olanzapine
(Zyprexa)
- Func Class: Mood stabilizer-antimanic, antipsychotic
- Use: bipolar, schizophrenia
- How: unclear
- Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, ECG changes, EPS, hyperglycemia
-
aripiprazole
(Abilify)
- Func Class: Mood stabilizer-antimanic, antipsychotic
- Use: bipolar, schizophrenia
- How: unclear
- Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, ECG changes, EPS, hyperglycemia
-
chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
- Func Class: Mood stabilizer-antimanic, antipsychotic
- Use: bipolar, schizophrenia
- How: unclear
- Side effects: sedation, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, ECG changes, EPS, hyperglycemia, orthostatic hypotension
-
quetiapine
(Seroquel)
- Func Class: Mood stabilizer-antimanic, antipsychotic
- Use: bipolar, schizophrenia
- How: unclear
- Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, ECG changes, EPS, hyperglycemia
-
risperidone
(Risperdal)
- Func Class: Mood stabilizer-antimanic, antipsychotic
- Use: bipolar, schizophrenia
- How: unclear
- Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, ECG changes, EPS, hyperglycemia
-
ziprasidone
(Geodon)
- Func Class: Mood stabilizer-antimanic, antipsychotic
- Use: bipolar, schizophrenia
- How: unclear
- Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, ECG changes, EPS, hyperglycemia
-
perphenazine
(Trilafon)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, sedation, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, seizures, blurred vision, constipation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, dry mouth, nausea, resp depression
-
fluphenazine
(Prolixin)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, drowsiness, headache, seizures, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, dry mouth, resp depression
-
prochlorperazine
(Compazine)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, sedation, seizures, euphoria, depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tachycardia, resp depression, agranulocytosis
-
thioridazine
(Mellaril)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- Side effects: EPS, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, headache, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, dizziness, tachycardia, nausea, resp depression
-
trifluoperazine
(Stelazine)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, seizures, headache, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, resp depression
-
thiothixene
(Navane)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, sedation, seizures, headache, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, resp depression
-
pimozide
(Orap)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, sedation, seizures, headache, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, resp depression
-
haloperidol
(Haldol)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, sedation, seizures, headache, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, resp depression
-
loxapine
(Loxitane)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, sedation, seizures, headache, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, resp depression
-
molindone
(Moban)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: EPS, seizures, headache, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, resp depression
-
clozapine
(Clozaril)
- Class: Antipsychotic
- How: unclear
- Side effects: headache, sedation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, resp depression
-
benzotropine
(Cogentin)
- Chem Class: Anticholinergic
- Use: Antiparkinsonian-treat EPS
- How: balances acetylcholine and dopamine
- Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, GI distress, sedation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
-
biperiden
(Akineton)
- Chem Class: Anticholinergic
- Use: Antiparkinsonian-treat EPS
- How: balances acetylcholine and dopamine
- Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, GI distress, sedation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
-
procyclidine
(Kemadrin)
- Chem Class: Anticholinergic
- Use: Antiparkinsonian-treat EPS
- How: balances acetylcholine and dopamine
- Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, GI distress, sedation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
-
trihexyphenidyl
(Artane)
- Chem Class: Anticholinergic
- Use: Antiparkinsonian-treat EPS
- How: balances acetylcholine and dopamine
- Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, GI distress, sedation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
-
diphenhydramine
(Benadryl)
- Chem class: Antihistamine
- Use: Antiparkinsonian-treat EPS
- How: balances acetylcholine and dopamine
- Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, GI distress, sedation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
-
amantadine
(Symmetrel)
- Chem Class: Dopaminergic agonist
- Use: Antiparkinsonian-treat EPS
- How: balances acetylcholine and dopamine
- Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, GI distress, sedation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
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