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C1
atlas, "holds the weight of the world"
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Respiration
exchange of gas between an organism and its environment
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Inspiration
bringing oxygen to the body's cells by breathing
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Boyle's law
volume up, pressure down, volume down, pressure up
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more space
less frequnency
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less space
more frequency
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Fused (Coccyx) vertebrae
5
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Only ribs 1, 10, 11, and 12 have a ___________ connection
1:1
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ribs attach to
costal facets
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Pelvic girdle (components)
ilium, sacrum, pubic bone, and ischium (lower extremetites)
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Pectoral girdle (components)
scapua, clavical bones (upper)
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Sacrum articulates with
L5
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How many floating ribs?
2
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What does the rib cage protect?
heart and lungs
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Purpose of the rib cage
elevate during inspiration
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Rid (components)
head, neck, angle, shaft
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Trachea has how many C-shaped rings?
16-20
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Spinal cord passes through
vertebral foramen
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__________ pressure causes air to enter a chamber that has expanded until the pressure is equalized
negative
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Contraction of the diaphragm increases the ________ dimension of the thorax
vertical
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Contraction of the accessory muscles of inspiration increases the __________ dimension of the thorax.
transverse
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Passive expiration involves the forces of _______________
torque elasticity and gravity
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the volume of air that we breathe in during a respiratory cycle
tidal volume
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the volume of that ca inhaled after a tidal inspiration
inspiratory reserve
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the volume that can be exhaled after a tidal inspiration
expiratory reserve
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the volume remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
residual volume
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The combination of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume.
vital capacity
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The volume of air remaining in the body after a passive exhalation
functional residual capacity
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the sum of all the volumes
total lung capacity
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________ is the volume of air that cannot undergo gas exchange
dead space air
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_____ pressure is the air pressure measured within the oral cavity
intraoral
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_______ pressure is the air pressure measured below the vocal folds
subglottic
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________ pressure is the pressure within the alveolus
alveolar, pulmonic
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____________ pressure is the pressure between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes
intrapleural or pleural
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When the diaphragm contracts, pressure within the alveolus _____
decreases
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When air pressure within the lungs is lower than that of the atmosphere, air will ___ the lungs
enter
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When the body is placed in a reclining position, the resting lung volume_____
decreases
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Use of the muscles of inspiration to impede the outward flow of air during speech is termed _____
Checking action
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decrease in alveolar pressure=
expansion of the thorax
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thorax expands ____ decreases
- pleurae
- thorax/diaphragm pull away from lungs
- imbalance of pressure in atmosphere/lungs
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expiration
reduction in thorax size, positive pressure
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Diaphragm is between the ______ and the ______
thorax and abdomen
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Lungs expand when ___________ contracts
diaphragm
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Accessory muscles provide
added expansion of the rib cage for further inspiration
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The vertebral column is ______ and ____
strong and flexible
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What does the cartilaginous attachment do?
attach to the ribs to the sternum as it permits the ribs to rotate slightly during respiration, allowing the rib cage to elevate.
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The thoracic volume is _________ than that of the lungs at rest
greater
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Alveoli
the site of gas exchange
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the 2nd most important muscle of the body
diaphragm
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1st most important muscle
heart
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serratus posterior superior muscle
when contracted, elevate rib cage
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exchange of oxygen between organism and environment
respiration
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inspriation, rib cage ________
elevates
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Spinal nerves exit spinal cord via
foramen magnum
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The ________ hiatus is the opening of the diaphragm that permits connection of the pharyngeal region with the stomach.
esophageal
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The term for a punctured lung
pneumothorax
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Pectoral girdle
scapula and calvicle
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The __________ process is the inferior-most aspect of the sternum
ensiform/xiphoid
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The odontoid process is present only on the
second thoracic vertebra
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Bony thorax
veretbral column, ribs, pectoral girdle, sternum, pelvic girdle
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transverse foramina
cervical vertebrae
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Thoracic vertebrae is important for?
breathing
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Vertebral notches produce intraverterbral foramina what goes thru there?
spinal cord
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Lumbar is ________ to the diaphragm
posterior
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Sacrum articulates with which vertrebra?
L5
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Purpose of rib cage
elevate during inspiration
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Lungs have ___________ muscles
no
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