PhyisoPsych_Test 2 C

Light does not enter the suprachiasmatic nucleausthrough rods and cones; it comes in directlythrough the __ pathway.

The photochemical responsible for our sleep-alert cycle is

REM may contribute to brain ______ in infants

Accordingto EEG studies, ____are those associated with day to day wakefulness.

Nocturnal enuresis is

The ______ triggers REM

During _____ we have low blood flow in our primary visual cortex and in our prefrontal cortex.

One proposed function of ___ is to allow our bodies to recover from waste products(free radicals).

Overexcitation of the reticular activating system produces symptoms similar to those seen in

The * is a small region of the hypothalamus that is the biological clock of an organism.

A sx of narcolepsy; a "loss of tonus" the person just falls down like Someone turned off a switch

A sleep spindle is a sudden increase in wave ______

_____ activates behavior. almost all its neurons are found in the raphe nuclei in the reticular formation.

electrical stimulation of the ______ can induce slow wave sleep, and lesions supress it

__ is the primary symptom of narcolepsy

During REM sleep we have high blood flow to our ___ cortex

______ is a disorder where people stop breathing periodicaly during sleep

sleep is thought to ____ the body

Most living systems exhibit a 24 hour cycle; these are called ___

the ___ (runs through the pons) wakes up the forebrain-- it activates the cortex

antihistamines treat allergies and cause drowsiness, therefore ___ must be involved in wakefulness

there are reports of people sleep eating and walking whilie taking this drug

time givers

stage 4 sleep is the ______ sleep stage

people who have this disorder do not experience sleep paralysis. thus, they act out those crazy dreams.

__ neurons are helping to hold the brain in a waking state

if we stay awake, the neuromodulator ___ accumulates in our bodies; and you'll see cognitive and emotional effects

These are thought to suppress cortical arousal in response to stimuli that the sleeping brain evaluates not to signal danger, and also to aid sleep based memory consolidation.

the ___ theory states that dreams are powered by the random spontaneous firing of neurons

sleep walking

one evolutionary theory of why we sleep is to avoid

the inability to fall or stay asleep

when we dont sleep it has been reported that we can exhibit Sx simmilar to those seen in______

the locus coeruleus is the major source of ____ in the brain

____ is normal so you dont have to act out your crazy dreams

one theory of why we sleep is that it conserves _____

the ______ theory says that we dream for wish fulfillment,- it is our unconscious attempt to fill needs that cannot be expressed or that go ungratified during waking hours

sleep may aid in memory ______

most dreams contain ___ themes

CIPA stands for congenital insensitivity to pain (and) anhidrosis. Anhidrosis is _____

lack of sweat: ____

these brain waves are seen in relaxed meditation, BUT still awake

These brain waves are seen in wakeful, day to day activities

these brain waves are involved in daydreaming and light wakeful sleep

these brain waves are long and slow; they are involved in the deepest level of sleep

Sleep stage __: light wakeful sleep ; theta waves only

Sleep stage __: relaxed stage, eye movement stops; alpha and beta waves (also sleep spindles and K complexes!)

Sleep stage __: deep sleep, delta activity. Part of slow wave sleep SWS

Sleep stage __: deepest sleep, delta waves. Hardest to wake from. Part of Slow wave Sleep SWS. night terrors happen here!

A sudden increase in brain wave frequency ( the brain is trying to start sleeping )

a sudden increase in brain wave amplitude (suppressing cortical arousal in response to stimuli that the sleeping brain evaluates not to signal danger, and second, aiding sleep-based memory consolidation)

This part of sleep includes theta and beta waves. Also called paradoxical sleep. sudden paralysis also. 90 minute cycles

During this part of sleep, blood flow and metabolism decreases to 75% function. Suggests brain regions are resting

The CSF cleans this up as part of body restoration during sleep

What % of sleep is REM in infants?

Four presumed functions of sleep:

This part of the brain is in slow wave sleep activation. if stimulated it can induce sleep or supress it.

If caffiene is present, or a person has ADHD, this part of the brainstem is affected.

This part of the brainstem triggers REM sleep and paralysis

within the Pons... this is the major source of NE norepinephrine. If its removed, REM sleep ceases. "the blue location"

this part of the forebrain is the switch for the process of sleep: SWS and REM

this brain area is involved in near death experiences.

This is a state of between awake vs. sleep

this neurotransmitter is mostly in the raphe nuclei (reticular formation)

In REM: whats the deal with the: visual association cortex
primary visual cortex and;
prefrontal cortex

the term for guiding yourself to plan what you will dream:

Why dream? 5 reasons:

random neuron firing = weave a dream together to make sense of it

sleeping aids are a common cause of

sleep apnea is a symptom of _____

loss of tonous or paralysis

uncontrolled bizarre experiences during sleep in narcolepsy

A Tx drug for narcolepsy with unknown sites of action

neuropeptide involved in narcolepsy

bed wetting

sleep walking

SWS problems include:
nocturnal enuresis
somnambulism
night terrors
sleep related eating disorders

when locked in a windowless room with no daytime ques...

photo sensitive input pathway for circadian rhythem

In the hypothalamus _________ controls the biological clock

photochemical (SCN) that regulates biological clock/circadian rhythem

jet lag is an example of desynchronizing the