Protein Synthesis

• Nucleotides: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.
• Monosacccharide: deoxyribose.

• Nucleotides: adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine.
• Monosaccharide: ribose.

carries a "message" in the form of a "mold" or "pattern" from a section of DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. One of the two strands of DNA molecule coding for protein structure.

• EX: mRNA
• ____________________
• | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• a u c g c c c g g u a u a a

acts as an "escort" to bring in specific amino acids for assembly into a specific protein. each amino acid has specific tRNA as escorts.

"escort molecule"

takes amino acid to location where they belong

along with proteins, they make up ribosomes in the cytoplasm and assists in protein synthesis.

"1st stage" involves the transfer of information from a DNA's base sequence to the complementary base sequence of a mRNA molecule.

• EX:

• -t a-
  -c g-
  -g c-
  -c g-
  -g c-
  -g c-
  -g c-
  -c g-
  -a u-
  -t a-
  -a u-
  -t a-
  -t a-

makes a RNA polymer, copies template.

takes message in one language and restates it in another language.

language of nucleic acids (base sequence) is translated into the language of proteins (amino acid sequence).

2nd stage

enzyme that unwinds DNA at a section where gene is located.

site where protein synthesis takes place.

linear unit of 3 nucleotides

Dehydration synthesis

3 based sequence complementary to the mRNA codon

an error in a gene, such as a misplaced nucleotide in a codon.

mutation that causes death to an organism

entire choromosome involved in an error

sections of chromosomes which produce the proteins, acting either alone or in groups, control the development of traits.

• adenine of DNA pairs with uracil of RNA
• cytosine of DNA pairs with guanine of RNA
• guanine of DNA pairs with cytosine of RNA
• thymine of DNA pairs with adenine of RNA

has nitorgen base, monosaccharide and phosphate

• adenine with thymine
• thymine with adenine
• guanine with cytosine
• cytosine with guanine